全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15499篇 |
免费 | 928篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 289篇 |
综合类 | 27篇 |
化学工业 | 3451篇 |
金属工艺 | 496篇 |
机械仪表 | 902篇 |
建筑科学 | 306篇 |
矿业工程 | 7篇 |
能源动力 | 683篇 |
轻工业 | 1362篇 |
水利工程 | 66篇 |
石油天然气 | 27篇 |
武器工业 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 2712篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3147篇 |
冶金工业 | 1057篇 |
原子能技术 | 174篇 |
自动化技术 | 1755篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 152篇 |
2022年 | 218篇 |
2021年 | 341篇 |
2020年 | 305篇 |
2019年 | 313篇 |
2018年 | 425篇 |
2017年 | 400篇 |
2016年 | 522篇 |
2015年 | 426篇 |
2014年 | 690篇 |
2013年 | 1023篇 |
2012年 | 1009篇 |
2011年 | 1134篇 |
2010年 | 807篇 |
2009年 | 922篇 |
2008年 | 820篇 |
2007年 | 695篇 |
2006年 | 630篇 |
2005年 | 560篇 |
2004年 | 509篇 |
2003年 | 466篇 |
2002年 | 508篇 |
2001年 | 370篇 |
2000年 | 357篇 |
1999年 | 306篇 |
1998年 | 540篇 |
1997年 | 355篇 |
1996年 | 265篇 |
1995年 | 219篇 |
1994年 | 169篇 |
1993年 | 160篇 |
1992年 | 91篇 |
1991年 | 92篇 |
1990年 | 82篇 |
1989年 | 87篇 |
1988年 | 63篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 27篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Jin Tae Kim Keun Byoung Yoon Choon-Gi Choi 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2004,16(7):1664-1666
A novel fabrication process using a hot embossing technique has been developed for micromechanical passive alignment of polymer planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices. With only one step of embossing, single-mode waveguide straight channels and micropedestals for passive aligning are simultaneously defined on a polymer thin film with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.5 /spl mu/m. This process reduces the steps for fabricating alignment structures. A fabricated polymer PLC chip and fibers are combined on a v-grooved silicon optical bench (SiOB) in a flip-chip manner. The process provides a coupling loss as low as 0.67 dB per coupling face and a cost-effective packaging solution for various polymer PLC devices. 相似文献
2.
Derivation of a second-order switching surface in the boundary control of buck converters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A second-order switching surface in the boundary control of buck converters is derived in this letter. The formulated switching surface can make the overall converter exhibit better steady-state and transient behaviors than the one with a first-order switching surface. The switching surface is derived by estimating the state trajectory movement after a switching action, resulting in a high state trajectory velocity along the switching surface. This phenomenon accelerates the trajectory moving toward the target operating point. The proposed control scheme has been successfully applied to a 120-W buck converter. The large-signal performance and a comparison with the first-order switching surface have been studied. 相似文献
3.
To determine three‐dimensional fiber orientation states in injection‐molded short‐fiber composites, a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) is used. Since the CLSM optically sections the specimen, more than two images of the cross sections on and below the surface of the composite can be obtained. Three‐dimensional fiber orientation states can be determined by using geometric parameters of fiber images obtained from two parallel cross sections. For experiments, carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polystyrene is examined by the CLSM and geometric parameters of fibers on each cross‐sectional plane are measured by an image analysis. In order to describe fiber orientation states compactly, orientation tensors are determined at different positions of the prepared specimen. Three‐dimensional orientation states are obtained without any difficulty by determining the out‐of‐plane angles utilizing fiber images on two parallel planes acquired by the CLSM. Orientation states are different at different positions and show the shell–core structure along the thickness of the specimen. Fiber orientation tensors are predicted by a numerical analysis and the numerically predicted orientation states show good agreement with measured ones. However, some differences are found at the end of cavity. They may result from the fountain flow effects, which are not considered in the numerical analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 500–509, 2003 相似文献
4.
Bong Keun Kim Wan Kyun Chung 《Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》2003,50(6):1207-1216
Disturbance-observer (DOB)-based controller design is one of the most popular methods in the field of motion control. In this paper, the generalized disturbance compensation framework, named the robust internal-loop compensator (RIC) is introduced and an advanced design method of a DOB is proposed based on the RIC. The mixed sensitivity optimization problem, which is the main issue of DOB design, is also solved through the parametrization of the DOB in the RIC framework. Differently from conventional methods, the Q-filter is separated from the mixed sensitivity optimization problem and a systematic design law for the DOB is proposed. This guarantees the robustness and optimality of the DOB and enables the design for unstable plants. 相似文献
5.
O. Perat J. M. Dorkel E. Scheid P. Temple Boyer Y. S. Chung A. Peyre-Lavigne M. Zecri P. Tounsi 《Microelectronics Reliability》2002,42(7):1053-1058
Reliability of thermomechanical simulations is critically linked to the accuracy of the mechanical properties that govern the behaviour of structure, like Young's modulus (E) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). For many cases, the values found in literatures are dealing with bulk properties without detailed information on temperature effects. To address such issues, it is necessary to measure the materials parameters as a function of temperature. The measurement of CTE is usually accomplished by evaluating the thermal deflections of a subjected material layer deposited on a substrate, providing that E is known at a specific temperature of experiment. A bilayer method, based on theory of elasticity, is proposed to determine both E and CTE for a given temperature with a good resolution. This paper presents the theoretical analysis, the design and process of the microsystem test structures, and the main calculation results. 相似文献
6.
This paper analyzes probability of bit-error (Pe) performance of asynchronous bandlimited direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems with binary phase-shift keying spreading. The two present methods of Pe analysis under bandwidth-efficient pulse shaping: the often-cited standard Gaussian approximation and the characteristic function (CF) method suffer from either a low accuracy in regions of low Pe (< 10-3) or a prohibitively large computational complexity. The paper presents an alternate method of Pe analysis with moderate computational complexity and high accuracy based on a key observation. A sequence of chip decision statistics (whose sum yields a bit statistic) forms a stationary, m-dependent sequence when conditioned on the chip delay and phase offset of each interfering signal. This observation permits the generalization of the improved Gaussian approximation previously derived for the rectangular pulse and the derivation of a numerically efficient approximation based on the CF method. Numerical examples of systems using the square-root raised-cosine and IS-95 pulses illustrate THE P e performance, user capacity and the accuracy of the proposed method 相似文献
7.
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are currently being used by IS professionals rather than by users. No matter how effective these tools may be, however, they will not be able to assist in the reduction of application backlogs without supporting user-driven applications. This article examines characteristics of a CASE environment from the various perspectives of decision support, identifies the advantages and limitations of end-user computing in this environment, and suggests how IS managers can realize the potentials of CASE for user applications. 相似文献
8.
Flame structure and NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H2/CO2/Ar have been numerically simulated with detailed chemistry. The combination of H2, CO2 and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of CO2. A radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. The detailed chemistry adopts the reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions. All mechanisms including thermal, NO2, N2O and Fenimore are taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of CO2 addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added CO2 quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates a diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of CO2 produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N2O and NO2 mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrated on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO2 quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
T.J. ChungJ.H. Park C.K. Choi D.-Y. Yoon 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2002,45(14):3061-3064
The onset of convective instability in a fluid-saturated porous layer between the two horizontal plates heated isothermally from below has been analyzed theoretically by using propagation theory. In the analysis the thermal dispersion coefficient is assumed to be proportional to the streamwise velocity. The results show that both inertia and thermal dispersion stabilize the system. 相似文献
10.
Nanocomposites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and an organoclay (Cloisite 30B) were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder. Two kinds of PBTs, ie PBT‐A and PBT‐B, with different inherent viscosities (ηinh), were used for this study (ηinh of PBT‐A and PBT‐B were 0.74 and 1.48, respectively). Dispersion of the clay layers in the PBT nanocomposites was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the nanocomposites were also examined. Nanocomposites based on the higher‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐B) showed a higher degree of exfoliation of the clay and a higher reinforcing effect when compared to the composites based on the lower‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐A). The clay nanolayers dispersed in PBT matrices lead to increases in the non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the PBTs, with such increases being more significant for the PBT‐B nanocomposites than for the PBT‐A nanoocomposites. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献