Adherent and coherent deposits of nickel sponge similar to sintered nickel may be made from sulphate, chloride, fluoborate or sulphamate nickel plating solutions containing nickel powder in suspension, providing the concentration of free acid is maintained sufficiently high to inhibit co-depesition of Ni(OH) In nitrate solution, cathodic reduction of nitrate and deposition of Ni(OH)2 predominates. 相似文献
Mapping vulnerability to Saltwater Intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers is studied in this paper using the GALDIT framework but with a novelty of transforming the concept of vulnerability indexing to risk indexing. GALDIT is the acronym of 6 data layers, which are put consensually together to invoke a sense of vulnerability to the intrusion of saltwater against aquifers with freshwater. It is a scoring system of prescribed rates to account for local variations; and prescribed weights to account for relative importance of each data layer but these suffer from subjectivity. Another novelty of the paper is to use fuzzy logic to learn rate values and catastrophe theory to learn weight values and these together are implemented as a scheme and hence Fuzzy-Catastrophe Scheme (FCS). The GALDIT data layers are divided into two groups of Passive Vulnerability Indices (PVI) and Active Vulnerability Indices (AVI), where their sum is Total Vulnerability Index (TVI) and equivalent to GALDIT. Two additional data layers (Pumping and Water table decline) are also introduced to serve as Risk Actuation Index (RAI). The product of TVI and RAI yields Risk Indices. The paper applies these new concepts to a study area, subject to groundwater decline and a possible saltwater intrusion problem. The results provide a proof-of-concept for PVI, AVI, RAI and RI by studying their correlation with groundwater quality samples using the fraction of saltwater (fsea), Groundwater Quality Indices (GQI) and Piper diagram. Significant correlations between the appropriate values are found and these provide a new insight for the study area.
In a galvanizing process a continuous sheet of steel is passed through a bath of molten zinc around a series of rotating rollers.
One or more of these rollers are submerged in the bath of molten zinc and are supported by journal bearings that are lubricated
with molten zinc. Dynamic characteristics of these bearings influence the quality of the finished galvanized sheet and also
determine the production speed. This work presents a theoretical study of these bearings in terms of the damping, stiffness,
and inertia coefficients of the film of molten zinc separating the journal from the bearings. This work also addresses the
influence of turbulence on the bearing dynamics. The damping, stiffness, and inertia coefficients of journal bearings lubricated
with molten zinc are determined for different zinc alloys at 450,650, and 850 °F. 相似文献
The Journal of Supercomputing - On the battlefield, early detection of armored vehicles can have a positive effect. Because according to this issue, timely and appropriate reactions can be done.... 相似文献
This article tackles the problem of predicting effort (in person–hours) required to fix a software defect posted on an Issue Tracking System. The proposed method is inspired by the Nearest Neighbour Approach presented by the pioneering work of Weiss et al. (2007) [1]. We propose four enhancements to Weiss et al. (2007) [1]: Data Enrichment, Majority Voting, Adaptive Threshold and Binary Clustering. Data Enrichment infuses additional issue information into the similarity-scoring procedure, aiming to increase the accuracy of similarity scores. Majority Voting exploits the fact that many of the similar historical issues have repeating effort values, which are close to the actual. Adaptive Threshold automatically adjusts the similarity threshold to ensure that we obtain only the most similar matches. We use Binary Clustering if the similarity scores are very low, which might result in misleading predictions. This uses common properties of issues to form clusters (independent of the similarity scores) which are then used to produce the predictions. Numerical results are presented showing a noticeable improvement over the method proposed in Weiss et al. (2007) [1]. 相似文献
Food processing is among the greatest water-consuming industries with a significant role in the implementation of sustainable development goals. Water-consuming industries such as food processing have become a threat to limited freshwater resources, and numerous attempts are being carried out in order to develop and apply novel approaches for water management in these industries. Studies have shown the positive impact of the new methods of process integration (e.g., water pinch, mathematical optimization, etc.) in maximizing water reuse and recycle. Applying these methods in food processing industries not only significantly supported water consumption minimization but also contributed to environmental protection by reducing wastewater generation. The methods can also increase the productivity of these industries and direct them to sustainable production. This interconnection led to a new subcategory in nexus studies known as water-food-environment nexus. The nexus assures sustainable food production with minimum freshwater consumption and minimizes the environmental destructions caused by untreated wastewater discharge. The aim of this study was to provide a thorough review of water-food-environment nexus application in food processing industries and explore the nexus from different aspects. The current study explored the process of food industries in different sectors regarding water consumption and wastewater generation, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The most recent wastewater treatment methods carried out in different food processing sectors were also reviewed. This review provided a comprehensive literature for choosing the optimum scenario of water and wastewater management in food processing industries. 相似文献
Nanofibers and bio-nonwoven fabrics of pure cellulose can be made from some bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum. Bacterial cellulose fibers are very pure, 10?nm in diameter and about 0.5?micron long. The molecular formula of bacterial cellulose is similar to that of plant cellulose. Its fibers are very stiff and it has high tensile strength, high porosity, and nanofibrillar structure. They can potentially be produced in industrial quantities at greatly lowered cost and water content, and with triple the yield by a new process. This article presents a critical review of the available information on bacterial cellulose as a biological nonwoven fabric with special emphasis on its fermentative production and applications. Characteristics of bacterial cellulose biofabric with respect to its structure and physicochemical properties are discussed. Current and potential applications of bacterial cellulose in textile, nonwoven cloth, paper, films, synthetic fiber coating, food, pharmaceutical, and other industries are also presented. 相似文献
In this paper, a solution to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in electrical power networks is presented considering high voltage direct current (HVDC) link. Furthermore, the effect of HVDC link converters on the active and reactive power is evaluated. An objective function is developed for minimizing power loss and improving voltage profile. Gradient-based optimization techniques are not viable due to high number of OPF equations, their complexity and equality and inequality constraints. Hence, an efficient global optimization method is used based on teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The performance of the suggested method is evaluated on a 5-bus PJM network and compared with other algorithms such as particle swarm optimization, shuffled frog-leaping algorithm and nonlinear programming. The results are promising and show the effectiveness and robustness of TLBO method.