Layout and results from the initial operation of the high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on the Large Helical Device

First results of ion and electron temperature profile measurements from the x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) diagnostic on the Large Helical Device (LHD) are presented. This diagnostic system has been operational since the beginning of the 2011 LHD experimental campaign and is the first application of the XICS diagnostic technique to helical plasma geometry. The XICS diagnostic provides measurements of ion and electron temperature profiles in LHD with a spatial resolution of 2 cm and a maximum time resolution of 5 ms (typically 20 ms). Ion temperature profiles from the XICS diagnostic are possible under conditions where charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) is not possible (high density) or is perturbative to the plasma (low density or radio frequency heated plasmas). Measurements are made by using a spherically bent crystal to provide a spectrally resolved 1D image of the plasma from line integrated emission of helium-like Ar(16 +). The final hardware design and configuration are detailed along with the calibration procedures. Line-integrated ion and electron temperature measurements are presented, and the measurement accuracy is discussed. Finally central temperature measurements from the XICS system are compared to measurements from the Thomson scattering and CXRS systems, showing excellent agreement.     

Stellarator Research Opportunities: A Report of the National Stellarator Coordinating Committee

This document is the product of a stellarator community workshop, organized by the National Stellarator Coordinating Committee and referred to as Stellcon, that was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in February 2016, hosted by MIT. The workshop was widely advertised, and was attended by 40 scientists from 12 different institutions including national labs, universities and private industry, as well as a representative from the Department of Energy. The final section of this document describes areas of community wide consensus that were developed as a result of the discussions held at that workshop. Areas where further study would be helpful to generate a consensus path forward for the US stellarator program are also discussed. The program outlined in this document is directly responsive to many of the strategic priorities of FES as articulated in “Fusion Energy Sciences: A Ten-Year Perspective (2015–2025)” [1]. The natural disruption immunity of the stellarator directly addresses “Elimination of transient events that can be deleterious to toroidal fusion plasma confinement devices” an area of critical importance for the US fusion energy sciences enterprise over the next decade. Another critical area of research “Strengthening our partnerships with international research facilities,” is being significantly advanced on the W7-X stellarator in Germany and serves as a test-bed for development of successful international collaboration on ITER. This report also outlines how materials science as it relates to plasma and fusion sciences, another critical research area, can be carried out effectively in a stellarator. Additionally, significant advances along two of the Research Directions outlined in the report; “Burning Plasma Science: Foundations—Next-generation research capabilities”, and “Burning Plasma Science: Long pulse—Sustainment of Long-Pulse Plasma Equilibria” are proposed.     

The firms that feed industrial districts: A return to the Italian source

Italian industrial districts comprise a great variety of firmsand are criss-crossed by various networks and business groups.Although the vast majority of industrial district firms arerelatively small, it is a mistake to assume that they are organizationallysymmetrical and that they mimic the supposedly dominant normsof the communities in which they are located. Larger firms frequentlyorganize production among groups of smaller firms, introducetechnological innovations and expand existing markets.     

Voices of bulimia: Experiences in integrated psychotherapy.

The participation of 5 23–30 yr old bulimic females in integrated psychotherapy is used as a basis for a clinical analysis of how Ss experienced the disorder, thought about themselves, related to significant others, and experienced the therapeutic process. The treatment integrated principles from psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral, family, and group therapies, as well as from social learning and small group therapy for a short, intensive daily period. The bulimic is preoccupied with food and engages in a self-defeating way to gain control over life events or emotions that seem out of control. The bingeing response may be associated with loneliness, tension, hostility, and anxiety. Each S was competitive and perfectionistic. Although each was intelligent and talented, the pressure they imposed on themselves was too great to bear. Each felt deprived of maternal love. Each felt she disappointed her mother, usually for not conforming to a more feminine stereotype. Ss confronted their feelings toward others in fantasy through psychodrama—then interacted with the real parent and important others on family therapy nights. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)