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1.
Stellari F. Tosi A. Zappa F. Cova S. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2004,53(1):163-169
The continuous trend in modern CMOS technology toward smaller devices and faster clock frequency is challenging the picosecond imaging circuit analysis technique. In this paper we discuss the role of the single-photon avalanche diode with very sharp time resolution in testing CMOS circuits. Thanks to the 30 ps-time resolution, innovative measurements regarding delays and jitter are presented, along with a case study. A compact model of the luminescence is also proposed and used to compare on-chip electrical signals with optical waveforms. 相似文献
2.
能源成本上涨速度高于纱线价格上涨速度,Autocoro纺纱厂每年的能耗成本约占每年营业额的5%,主要能耗是电能. 相似文献
3.
Metal-Resistance-Semiconductor (MRS) photodetectors are characterized by a resistive layer placed in series to an avalanching region. In this paper, we report the characterization of such devices, we define a parameter extraction procedure, and we derive a quantitative model of the MRS operation. Due to the presence of the ohmic layer, the detector works as an ensemble of pixels with separately stabilized operating bias. In this way, compared to avalanche photodiodes (APDs), MRS achieve superior gain uniformity with the same sensitive area. However, there are still aspects of the fabrication technology and of the detector structure which have to be improved 相似文献
4.
UE Zappa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1992,26(4):152-159
Scaling and root planing are the predominant and recognized forms of periodontal therapy. They have been known for centuries, and have been investigated with increasing intensity since the turn of the century. Scaling and root planing aim at therapeutic changes of the "hard tissue lesion" at the root surface, in order to render it biologically acceptable to cells capable of attaching to it. Two major components of these root surface alterations are calculus and cementum alterations. Numerous studies have shown that scaling and root planing effectively removes subgingival deposits, and that this removal is seldom complete in deeper pockets. Even though beneficial clinical effects of scaling and root planing have been shown, it is unlikely that the full potential of healing is utilized today due to technical shortcomings. Several studies have shown that the design and dimensions of curets as used today are not optimal. These instruments are for many situations too big, subject to rapid dulling, and produce a smear layer. Chemical agents have been used to remove this layer with limited success. The therapist is a virtually unknown factor in the system of delivering scaling and root planing. A recent study showed that scaling and root planing forces used by different therapists on similar root surfaces varied by factors greater than 10. In addition, higher forces were shown to remove significantly more root substance. Apparently there is a large subjective component included in the delivery of scaling and root planing therapy. Even though scaling and root planing have been shown to be effective therapeutic procedures, many aspects require more research. 相似文献
5.
Avalanche photodiodes, which operate above the breakdown voltage in Geiger mode connected with avalanche-quenching circuits, can be used to detect single photons and are therefore called singlephoton avalanche diodes SPAD's. Circuit configurations suitable for this operation mode are critically analyzed and their relative merits in photon counting and timing applications are assessed. Simple passive-quenching circuits (PQC's), which are useful for SPAD device testing and selection, have fairly limited application. Suitably designed active-quenching circuits (AQC's) make it possible to exploit the best performance of SPAD's. Thick silicon SPAD's that operate at high voltages (250-450 V) have photon detection efficiency higher than 50% from 540- to 850-nm wavelength and still ~3% at 1064 nm. Thin silicon SPAD's that operate at low voltages (10-50 V) have 45% efficiency at 500 nm, declining to 10% at 830 nm and to as little as 0.1% at 1064 nm. The time resolution achieved in photon timing is 20 ps FWHM with thin SPAD's; it ranges from 350 to 150 ps FWHM with thick SPAD's. The achieved minimum counting dead time and maximum counting rate are 40 ns and 10 Mcps with thick silicon SPAD's, 10 ns and 40 Mcps with thin SPAD's. Germanium and III-V compound semiconductor SPAD's extend the range of photon-counting techniques in the near-infrared region to at least 1600-nm wavelength. 相似文献
6.
中华医学会放射学分会介入学组 《工业加热》2012,(5):353-355
【摘要】 胰腺癌是恶性度最高的实体肿瘤之一。对不能手术切除的胰腺癌,经动脉灌注化疗由于肿瘤局部药物浓度较静脉用药高,可以达到更好的治疗效果,在改善疾病相关症状、延长生存期、减少肝转移及发生肝转移后的治疗上均取得了令人瞩目的成绩。本文在相关概念、禁忌证、适应证、术前准备、操作方法、术后处理及并发症的预防和处理等方面给出了较详尽的规范化建议,旨在帮助国内同行作出合理决策,但不是强制性标准,也不可能包括和解决胰腺癌经动脉灌注化疗中的所有问题。因此,在面对某一患者时,应在充分了解本病的最佳医学证据,结合患者具体病情及其意愿的基础上,为患者制定合理的诊疗计划。
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8.
【摘要】 目的 探讨综合性放射防护措施在介入治疗防护中的应用价值。方法 在84例介入手术治疗中联合应用床下铅橡胶帘、铅玻璃防护屏、铅防护服、铅围脖、铅眼镜及距离等对介入操作人员进行综合性防护。利用FJ?鄄2000个人剂量仪监测X射线辐射剂量,并对相关数据进行统计分析。结果 床下铅橡胶帘防护效率为93.4%;铅玻璃防护屏防护效率为93.5%;铅防护服防护效率为88.4%;这些放射防护器材前后X线辐射剂量差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。距球管1 m处 X线衰减量为58.6%,距球管3 m处的X线衰减量为86.4%。1 m与2 m之间,2 m与3 m之间的辐射剂量差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。结论 综合性防护措施在介入操作中可有效降低X射线辐射、减少对介入操作人员身体危害。
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10.
目的探讨应用覆膜支架介入治疗颈动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤.方法4例肿瘤所致颈动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤形成的患者,均出现颈部或口腔危及生命的出血,采用Seldinger方法,选用自膨式聚四氟乙烯覆膜支架治疗.结果4例成功施行血管内介入治疗,其中颈总动脉中段1例,颈动脉球2例,颈总动脉远段1例.共置入覆膜支架6枚.术后假性动脉瘤腔被隔绝,颈动脉通畅,患者的临床症状明显改善,无神经功能障碍.1例患者11 d后支架下缘颈总动脉与原瘤腔相通,再次置入覆膜支架,2个月的随访无再出血.1例患者经钢圈栓塞、放置覆膜支架及裸支架瘤腔 相似文献