The time course of plausibility effects on eye movements in reading: Evidence from noun-noun compounds.

Readers' eye movements were monitored as they read sentences containing noun-noun compounds that varied in frequency (e.g., elevator mechanic, mountain lion). The left constituent of the compound was either plausible or implausible as a head noun at the point at which it appeared, whereas the compound as a whole was always plausible. When the head noun analysis of the left constituent was implausible, reading times on this word were inflated, beginning with the first fixation. This finding is consistent with previous demonstrations of very rapid effects of plausibility on eye movements. Compound frequency did not modulate the plausibility effect, and all disruption was resolved by the time readers' eyes moved to the next word. These findings suggest (contra Kennison, 2005) that the parser initially analyzes a singular noun as a head instead of a modifier. In addition, the findings confirm that the very rapid effect of plausibility on eye movements is not due to strategic factors, because in the present experiment, unlike in previous demonstrations, this effect appeared in sentences that were globally plausible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle

The subperiosteal browlift and midface lift combination is a total mobilization of the composite full-thickness soft tissues from the bony skeleton with superior suspension. The object is to correct midfacial ptosis and the "tired" look of the lateral eyelids. It is done in conjunction with a browlift so that a composite correction of the upper and midface is achieved. When indicated, a modified lower cheeklift and the usual procedures for correcting neck deformities are utilized in combination. We believe the procedure is safe and the results reported are natural and long-lasting. This review of 130 cases also stresses technical aspects and the safety of the procedure.     

Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices

We present models for the optical functions of 11 metals used as mirrors and contacts in optoelectronic and optical devices: noble metals (Ag, Au, Cu), aluminum, beryllium, and transition metals (Cr, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ti, W). We used two simple phenomenological models, the Lorentz-Drude (LD) and the Brendel-Bormann (BB), to interpret both the free-electron and the interband parts of the dielectric response of metals in a wide spectral range from 0.1 to 6 eV. Our results show that the BB model was needed to describe appropriately the interband absorption in noble metals, while for Al, Be, and the transition metals both models exhibit good agreement with the experimental data. A comparison with measurements on surface normal structures confirmed that the reflectance and the phase change on reflection from semiconductor-metal interfaces (including the case of metallic multilayers) can be accurately described by use of the proposed models for the optical functions of metallic films and the matrix method for multilayer calculations.     

Existence of optimal solutions of two-directionally continuous linear repetitive processes

In the paper, an existence theorem for a Lagrange optimal control problem connected with a two-directionally continuous variant of a linear autonomous repetitive process is derived. As a corollary, existence of an optimal solution in the case of cost functional depending on a fixed ??end-function?? is obtained.     

Electrically and thermally conductive elastomer/graphene nanocomposites by solution mixing

The greatest challenge in developing polymer/graphene nanocomposites is to prevent graphene layers stacking; in this respect, we found effective solution-mixing polymers with cost-effective graphene of hydrophobic surface. Since graphene oxide is hydrophilic and in need of reduction, highly conducing graphene platelets (GnPs) of ∼3 nm in thickness were selected to solution-mix with a commonly used elastomer – styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). A percolation threshold of electrical conductivity was observed at 5.3 vol% of GnPs, and the SBR thermal conductivity enhanced three times at 24 vol%. Tensile strength, Young's modulus and tear strength were improved by 413%, 782% and 709%, respectively, at 16.7 vol%. Payne effect, an important design criteria for elastomers used in dynamic loading environment, was also investigated. The comparison of solution mixing with melt compounding, where the same starting materials were used, demonstrated that solution mixing is more effective in promoting the reinforcing effect of GnPs, since it provides more interlayer spacing for elastomer molecules intercalating and retains the high aspect ratio of GnPs leading to filler–filler network at a low volume fraction. We also compared the reinforcing effect of GnPs with those of carbon black and carbon nanotubes.     

Formulation and technology research of new silver solder with flux covering

In their eutectic compositions, Au–Si alloys have a melting point of 369°C, and a colour similar to that of high-grade gold. Results of the manufacture of gold alloys with 2.5%, 2.8% and 3.0% silicon, by means of melting in a plasma furnace with an inert argon atmosphere, are presented in this study. Chemical composition characterisation was carried out by energy dispersion spectroscopy and wave dispersion spectrometry, and metallographic and microstructural analysis by optical microscopy, SEM and DRX, Vickers hardness and mircohardness testing, melting point evaluation by DSC and determination of the SCIELab colorimetric coordinates. The results of the hardness and micro-hardness testing gave values around 110HV, presenting an important increase in the mechanical properties with respect to the traditional high purity gold alloys. The melting temperature for the alloys was around 374°C as well as being a heat very close to the values of pure gold.     

Biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on glass coverslips for the assay of osteoclast activity in vitro

The osteoclast (OC) is the cell type responsible for the resorption of bone. The activity of this cell is important in the aetiology of a large number of skeletal pathologies, and also for the biocompatibility and osseointegration of orthopaedic implant materials. OC mediated acid hydrolysis of calcium phosphate from the bone matrix offers a prime means of studying the biology and activity of this cell type. We have developed a method of coating glass coverslips with a hydroxyapatite (HA)-like mineral, using a biomimetic approach. Hydroxylation followed by formation of a self assembled monolayer (SAM) using the surfactant triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA), allowed biomimetic deposition of HA-like mineral from a simulated body fluid (SBF). The biocompatibility of the TESPSA SAM-HA coated glass coverslips was tested by culturing human mature OC present in samples of giant cell tumour of bone (GCT). Parameters of OC activity were assayed, including F-actin ring formation, release of calcium and formation of osteoclastic resorption pits, confirming that OC were able to attach to and resorb the coated surface. This approach for the preparation of HA coatings on glass coverslips could have wide applicability for the study of osteoclast behaviour in vitro. Gerald J. Atkins and Peter Majewski share senior author status.     

在SWT中使用OpenGL

OpenGL是一种厂商中立的多平台标准,用于创建高性能的2D和3D图形。硬件和软件实现存在于各种操作系统上,包括Windows、Linux和MacOS。OpenGL可以用于呈现简单的2D图表或复杂的3D游戏。本文描述了一个试验性的Eclipse插件,便于使用OpenGL在SWT部件上进行绘制。本文先简要回顾了OpenGL的历史并进行了概述,然后给出一个示例应用程序。     

The use of off-line part production to predict the tensile properties of parts produced by Selective Laser Sintering

Rapid Manufacturing, and specifically Selective Laser Sintering, has the potential to become one of the most useful manufacturing techniques of the future, largely as a result of the extremely high levels of geometric complexity which can be produced. As the use of these technologies becomes more widespread, so the amount, and variety, of materials available for use in these processes also increases. However, the Selective Laser Sintering process can be both expensive and time-consuming when testing new materials. A method of off-line casting has been proposed here, and the tensile properties of parts produced using this method are compared with the properties achieved in Selective Laser Sintered parts produced in the same materials. For the materials tested it has been shown that the casting method provided an acceptable correlation with the properties of the Selective Laser Sintered parts, rendering this a suitable method of assessing the properties of a Selective Laser Sintering material without the requirement to produce a full build.