Biases of Success Rate Differences Shown in Binomial Effect Size Displays.

The intent of a binomial effect size display (BESD) is to show "the [real-world] importance of [an] effect indexed by a correlation [r]" (R. Rosenthal, 1994, p. 242) by reexpressing this correlation as a success rate difference (SRD) (e.g., treatment group success rate - control group success rate). However, SRDs displayed in BESDs generally overestimate real-world SRDs implied by correlations of (a) dichotomous X and Y variables (φ coefficients), (b) dichotomous X and continuous Y variables (point-biserial coefficients [rphs]). and (c) continuous X and Y variables (rxys). Furthermore, overestimation biases are larger for rxys than for rphs. Differences in the sizes of biases linked to different correlations suggest that BESD SRDs reported for different correlations are not comparable. The stochastic difference index (N. Cliff, 1993: A. Vargha & H. D. Delaney, 2000) is recommended as an alternative to the BESD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Scientific and artistic investigation of multi-dimensional fractals on the AT & T pixel machine

The pipelined architecture and parallel organization of the AT&T Pixel Machine image computer are described and demonstrated with applications for the visualization of multidimensional fractals, particularly linear fractals and quaternion/ stacked Julia sets. Techniques for pushing the Pixel Machine to its peak abilities are described and apply to more recent parallel image computers as well.     

Dantrolene inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release by direct and specific action at skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors

The skeletal muscle relaxant dantrolene inhibits the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation-contraction coupling and suppresses the uncontrolled Ca2+ release that underlies the skeletal muscle pharmacogenetic disorder malignant hyperthermia; however, the molecular mechanism by which dantrolene selectively affects skeletal muscle Ca2+ regulation remains to be defined. Here we provide evidence of a high-affinity, monophasic inhibition by dantrolene of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channel function in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from malignant hyperthermia-susceptible and normal pig skeletal muscle. In media simulating resting myoplasm, dantrolene increased the half-time for 45Ca2+ release from both malignant hyperthermia and normal vesicles approximately 3.5-fold and inhibited sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle [3H]ryanodine binding (Ki approximately 150 nM for both malignant hyperthermia and normal). Inhibition of vesicle [3H]ryanodine binding by dantrolene was associated with a decrease in the extent of activation by both calmodulin and Ca2+. Dantrolene also inhibited [3H]ryanodine binding to purified skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor protein reconstituted into liposomes. In contrast, cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle 45Ca2+ release and [3H]ryanodine binding were unaffected by dantrolene. Together, these results demonstrate selective effects of dantrolene on skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors that are consistent with the actions of dantrolene in vivo and suggest a mechanism of action in which dantrolene may act directly at the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor complex to limit its activation by calmodulin and Ca2+. The potential implications of these results for understanding how dantrolene and malignant hyperthermia mutations may affect the voltage-dependent activation of Ca2+ release in intact skeletal muscle are discussed.     

Mathematical and experimental method to obtain the inverse modeling of nonsinusoidal and saturated synchronous reluctance motors

This paper presents new inverse modeling for synchronous reluctance motor (SyRM). This modeling is valid when the inductances are sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal and even when the machine is saturated. This technique involves the generation of constant torque curves as a function of two-phase currents in the Concordia's reference frame when the rotor angle is fixed. We also introduce an experimental method to obtain directly the inverse modeling. This practical method takes into account the saturation of the motor. This technique allows the reduction of the low torque ripple in the case of nonsinusoidal inductances.     

THE SIMULATION OF THE SAR IMAGE OF INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES IN ALBORAN SEA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｃｅａｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｇｒａｖｉｔｙｗａｖｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄｏｃｅａｎ .Ｉｔｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｂｙｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｉｄｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔａｎｄｔｏｐｏｇｒａｐｈｙ ,ｓｅａｑｕａｋｅａｎｄｍｏｖｉｎｇｓｈｉｐｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇ ,ｓｈａｌｌｏｗｐｙｃｎｏｃｌｉｎｅｉｓ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ.Ｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌｓｈｅｌｆａｒｅａｌｍｏｓｔｔｉｄｅｐｒｏｄ…     

The advancing-front mesh generation method revisited

This paper presents a mesh generation method of the advancing-front type which is designed in such a way that the well-known difficulties of the classical advancing-front method are not present. The retained solution consists of using the first steps of a Voronoï–Delaunay method to construct a background mesh which is then used to govern the algorithm. The two-dimensional case is considered in detail and possible extensions to adaption problems and three dimensions are indicated.     

AN EXTENDED MODELING OF TIDE-WAVE MOTION

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｍｏｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｉｄｅ ｗａｖｅｓ,ｔｈｅｓｈａｌｌｏｗｗａｔｅｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ ,ｉ.ｅ .ｔｈｅｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒｇｒａ ｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍｅｑｕａ ｔｉｏｎ ,ｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｓｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｉｎｇｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｂｙａｂｏｖｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｔｗｏｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｈｏｒｉｚｏｎ ｔａｌｆｌｕｘｏｆｔｈｅｔｉｄｅ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓａ…     

GENERATION OF NONLINEAR INTERNAL WAVES ON CONTINENTAL SHELF

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｅｒｎａｌｔｉｄａｌｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｂｏｔｔｏｍｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｆｏｒｇｅｎｅｒａ ｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｔｏｃｅａｎｉｃｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｓｔｈａｔａｒｅｏｂｓｅｒｖａｂｌｅｗｉｔｈＳＡＲ ,ｃｌｏｓｅｒｔｏｓｈｏｒｅ ,ｒｉｖｅｒｉｎｅｏｒｇｌａｃｉａｌｉｎｔｒｕｓｉｏｎａｎｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌｂｒｅａｋｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓｅｃ ｏｎｄａｒｙｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａ…