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排序方式: 共有974条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Miroslav Kárný Marko Ruman 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2021,35(5):660-675
Any knowledge extraction relies (possibly implicitly) on a hypothesis about the modelled-data dependence. The extracted knowledge ultimately serves to a decision-making (DM). DM always faces uncertainty and this makes probabilistic modelling adequate. The inspected black-box modeling deals with “universal” approximators of the relevant probabilistic model. Finite mixtures with components in the exponential family are often exploited. Their attractiveness stems from their flexibility, the cluster interpretability of components and the existence of algorithms for processing high-dimensional data streams. They are even used in dynamic cases with mutually dependent data records while regression and auto-regression mixture components serve to the dependence modeling. These dynamic models, however, mostly assume data-independent component weights, that is, memoryless transitions between dynamic mixture components. Such mixtures are not universal approximators of dynamic probabilistic models. Formally, this follows from the fact that the set of finite probabilistic mixtures is not closed with respect to the conditioning, which is the key estimation and predictive operation. The paper overcomes this drawback by using ratios of finite mixtures as universally approximating dynamic parametric models. The paper motivates them, elaborates their approximate Bayesian recursive estimation and reveals their application potential. 相似文献
2.
Antti Voss Niko Hänninen Mohammad Pour-Ghaz Marko Vauhkonen Aku Seppänen 《Materials and Structures》2018,51(3):68
The development of visualizing tools to monitor unsaturated moisture flow in cement-based materials is of great importance, as most degradation processes in cement-based materials are connected to and take place in the presence moisture. This paper investigates the ability of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) to image two-dimensional (2D) unsaturated moisture flow in cement-based materials. In ECT, the electrical permittivity distribution within an object is reconstructed based on measured capacitances between electrodes attached on the object’s surface. In a series of experiments, mortar specimens with and without discrete cracks were imaged with ECT during a 2D moisture ingress. The results show that ECT is able to monitor the evolution of the moisture flow, and to approximate the shape and position of the moisture front. These findings indicate that ECT is a viable method for monitoring and visualizing 2D unsaturated moisture flow in cement-based materials in the presence and absence of discrete cracks. 相似文献
3.
Pulkki-R?back Laura; Elovainio Marko; Kivim?ki Mika; Raitakari Olli T.; Keltikangas-J?rvinen Liisa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,24(3):307
This study examined associations of temperament at ages 6 to 12 with body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) at ages 24 to 30 years. The participants were 619 men and women derived from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Temperament was operationalized as (negative) emotionality, sociability, and activity. High emotionality predicted increased BMI, independently of WC, and independently of childhood and adulthood risk factors for adult obesity. None of the temperament dimensions had any associations with WC after controlling for BMI. The findings suggest that temperamental difficulty in childhood may be a useful risk indicator for general body mass in adulthood, and the mechanisms relating temperament with body mass should be further explored. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
During the process of writing a comprehensive dictionary ofFinnish dialects, a large set of maps describing the regionaldistribution of the dialect words have been compiled in electronicform. In this article, we set out to analyse this corpus ofdata in order to gain new insight on the variation of Finnishdialects. We use a wide range of multivariate data analysismethods, including principal components analysis, independentcomponents analysis, clustering, and multidimensional scaling.We explain how to preprocess the data to overcome the problemof uneven sampling caused by the way the data has been collected.We discuss the results obtained by these methods and comparethem to the traditional view of Finnish dialect groups. 相似文献
5.
Marko Zlokarnik 《化学,工程师,技术》1991,63(10):994-999
Use of alternative reaction media for an environmentally safer chemical production. The way in which a chemical reaction is carried out and the composition of the reaction mixture diotate the degree of difficulty of downstream processing operations, not only in terms of energy consumption but also with respect to environmental pollution. A specific environmental protection that is an integral part of the production process must therefore begin with the examination of the chemical rection step. Restructuring a process from a reaction engineering point of view includes two important aspects of which the technical implementation has not yet been systematically examined and which therefore should promise a significant potential for innovation. These are the integration of modern separation operations in the chemical reactor with the aim of shifting the chemical equilibrium and the choice of an alternative reaction medium; although the latter also serves the same purpose, it can bring about a significant reduction in environmental pollution. This aspect is the focus of this paper, in which the advantages of molten salts, supercritical fluids and microemulsions as alternative reaction media are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Marko T. Cvitas 《Computer Physics Communications》2007,177(4):357-361
We show that the split-operator propagator of Feit and Fleck can be converted into a form that is easy to parallelize for a quantum system with Coriolis-coupled quantum dynamics. The angular kinetic energy part of the propagator is replaced by the Crank-Nicholson approximation, which makes the entire propagator tridiagonal in the quantum number Ω (the projection of the total angular momentum quantum number J onto the intermolecular axis). We demonstrate that the modified propagator is numerically stable and accurate, provided that the Crank-Nicholson approximation is applied to the entire angular kinetic energy operator. 相似文献
7.
8.
Lignin‐based chemicals, starch, and urea were used as modifiers for phenol–formaldehyde resol resins. The effects of the addition stage of the modifiers used in the synthesis of the resins and the type of modification reagent on the structures of the resins and their molar masses and reactivities were investigated. The modifications with corn starch and lignin promoted condensation; this was verified by increased molar masses and high ratios of methylene bridges to the sum of free ortho and para aromatic groups with respect to the corresponding reference resin without a modification reagent. The later the modifier was added to the resin condensation mixture, the more methylene bridges were formed with respect to the amounts of free ortho and para aromatic groups. In addition, when urea or wheat starch was added in the later condensation stage, the final condensation also reached high stages. The modifications with lignosulfonate and starch, as well as the early addition of urea, enhanced p–p′ bridge structures. The lowest condensation stage and, therefore, the highest reactivity were found when wheat starch was added with the starting reagents. The curing heat of the wheat‐starch‐modified resins decreased according to the deferred addition point of starch. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 582–588, 2003 相似文献
9.
Nieminen M Suomi J Van Nouhuys S Sauri P Riekkola ML 《Journal of chemical ecology》2003,29(4):823-844
The Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia feeds upon two host plant species in Å land, Finland, Plantago lanceolataand Veronica spicata, both of which produce iridoid glycosides. Iridoids are known to deter feeding or decrease the growth rate of many generalist insect herbivores, but they often act as oviposition cues to specialist butterflies and are feeding stimulants to their larvae. In this study, two iridoid glycosides (aucubin and catalpol) were analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. We measured the spatial and temporal variation of iridoid glycosides in natural populations of the host plants of M. cinxia. We also analyzed the aucubin and catalpol content in plants in relation to their use by ovipositing females, and in relation to the incidence of parasitism of M. cinxia larvae in natural populations. The mean concentrations of aucubin and catalpol were higher in P. lanceolata than in V. spicata, and catalpol concentrations were higher than aucubin concentrations in both host species. Plantago lanceolata individuals that were used for oviposition by M. cinxia had higher aucubin concentrations than random plants and neighboring plants. Additionally, oviposition and random plants had higher catalpol concentrations than neighboring plants, indicating that ovipositing females select for high iridoid glycoside plants or that oviposition induces iridoid glycoside production in P. lanceolata. Parasitism by the specialist parasitoid wasp Cotesia melitaearum occurred most frequently in larval groups that were feeding on plants with low concentrations of catalpol, irrespective of year, population, and host plant species. Therefore, parasitoids appear to avoid or perform poorly in host larvae with high catalpol content. 相似文献
10.
Marko Ukrainczyk 《Powder Technology》2007,171(3):192-199
The production of precipitated calcium carbonate, PCC, by a semicontinuous process of slaked lime carbonation was performed in a bench-scale chemical reactor, fully controlled by means of custom built electronics and software for the personal computer. Calcite crystals, with different characteristic morphologies (rhombohedral, truncated prismatic, scalenohedral, spheroidal or chain-like agglomerates) were produced by varying a range of process parameters, like temperature, supersaturation, gas mixture flow rate, stirring rate and mass concentration of Ca(OH)2 suspension. In order to identify the effects of the chosen process parameters on the PCC morphology and on the related specific surface area, as well as on the extent of CO2 conversion, an empirical approach based on the experimental design techniques was employed. A multiple correlation analysis of the obtained data suggests that temperature and conductivity significantly influence the PCC morphology, while CO2 conversion is principally influenced by stirring rate, conductivity and gas mixture flow rate. 相似文献