Use of flavour profile and consumer panels to determine differences between local water supplies and desalinated seawater.

The San Diego County Water Authority of California has initiated planning for coastal desalination facilities to augment their water supplies. Integration of the different water qualities from these facilities into existing pipelines must be achieved. This investigation determined whether, and to what degree, consumers can discriminate between desalinated seawater and imported water supplies and how these investigations can contribute to decision making regarding the need for construction of facilities to blend such supplies prior to delivery. Based upon the results of the flavour profile analysis panel and the consumer evaluation sessions, it was concluded that free chlorine versus chloramine disinfection or different concentrations of disinfectants did not significantly affect consumer perception of the taste and odour of desalinated seawater or blends with Colorado River water and State project water. Consumers were able to discern between desalinated seawater and imported water, preferring imported water when forced to make a choice. However, the investigators did not believe that the difference in consumer perception was significant enough to warrant special blending facilities to mitigate the relatively minor aesthetic quality differences between imported water supplies and desalinated seawater.     

Relationships between nocturnal activity, parental ratings of daytime activity and measues from the Children's Sleep Behaviour Scale.

Monitored the nocturnal activity levels of 20 boys and 20 girls (mean age 10.46 yrs) from 12:00 AM to 6:00 AM over 2 consecutive nights in their homes. Frequency of sleep-related behaviors based on retrospective parental ratings was assessed by the Children's Sleep Behavior Scale (CSBS). Children who were rated high on sleep behaviors with an observable motor component were also more active during the night, thereby validating the motor subscale of the CSBS. Nocturnal activity was associated with another CSBS-derived sleep score that included items with positive affective content, such as laughing and smiling while asleep. Children who showed bedtime resistance behaviors and complained of difficulty going to sleep were not more active during the night. Gender, age, and parental perception of daytime activity levels were not related to objective measures of nocturnal activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Non-Isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene in dotriacontane. II: Effects of dilution,cooling rate,and nucleating agent addition on growth rate

Non-isothermal crystallization growth rates of nucleated and non-nucleated isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in dotriacontane were determined experimentally by thermal optical microscopy. Adipic acid was used as the nucleating agent. The non-isothermal growth rates of the nucleated and non-nucleated systems were compared with experimentally determined isothermal growth rates. The Lauritzen and Hoffman growth rate equation, originally developed for isothermal crystallization, was modified to describe the non-isothermal growth. The modified Lauritzen-Hoffman equation was used to predict isothermal growth rates from non-isothermal crystallization for the nucleated and non-nucleated polymer-diluent mixtures. This study is the first to deal with polymer-diluent-nucleating agent systems vital to membrane production.     

Community resources for clients with mobility problems

Clients are leaving the hospital "quicker and sicker," and they frequently have acute care needs that must be met by resources outside the hospital setting. Community resources are diverse, vary widely from place to place, and have no central administration. Thus, using them can be challenging for both the nurse, client, and family. Reimbursement mechanisms underlie a person's ability to use resources and receive health care. By presenting two actual case scenarios where clients have mobility problems commonly seen by orthopaedic nurses, the authors discuss the community resources available, avenues of access to them, and their reimbursement mechanisms.     

Hydrolysis of Dialdehyde Starch with Sulfurous Acid

A systematic investigation of the sulfurous acid hydrolysis of dialdehyde starch (DAS) was made in which temperature, time and concentration of reagents were varied. Optimum yields of apparent D-erythrose and of glyoxal of 78 and 81 % of theory were obtained by hydrolyzing 1.8% of DAS in water containing 14.7 moles of sulfur dioxide per mole of DAS for 1.33 hr at 100.⁰C. Increased reversion and degradation at higher concentrations of DAS and at higher temperatures of hydrolysis rapidly decreased the yields of apparent D-erythrose and glyoxal.     

Pulsed Laser Deposition of Photoresponsive Two‐Dimensional GaSe Nanosheet Networks

Synthesis of functional metal chalcogenide (GaSe) nanosheet networks by stoichiometric transfer of laser‐vaporized material from bulk GaSe targets is presented. Uniform coverage of interconnected, crystalline, and photoresponsive GaSe nanosheets in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane orientations are achieved under different ablation conditions. The propagation of the laser‐vaporized material is characterized by in situ ICCD‐imaging. High (1 Torr) Ar background gas pressure is found to be crucial for the stoichiometric growth of GaSe nanosheet networks. Individual 1–3 layer GaSe triangular nanosheets of ≈200 nm domain size are formed within 30 laser pulses, coalescing to form nanosheet networks in as few as 100 laser pulses. The thickness of the deposited networks increases linearly with pulse number, adding layers in a two‐dimensional (2D) growth mode. GaSe nanosheet networks show p‐type semiconducting characteristics with mobilities reaching as high as 0.1 cm²V^?1s^?1. Spectrally‐resolved photoresponsivities and external quantum efficiencies range from 0.4 AW^?1 and 100% at 700 nm, to 1.4 AW^?1 and 600% at 240 nm, respectively. Pulsed laser deposition under these conditions appears to provide a versatile and rapid approach to stoichiometrically transfer and deposit functional networks of 2D nanosheets with digital thickness control and uniformity for a variety of applications.     

Cyclic codes over Z4, locator polynomials, and Newton'sidentities

Certain nonlinear binary codes contain more codewords than any comparable linear code presently known. These include the Kerdock (1972) and Preparata (1968) codes that can be very simply constructed as binary images, under the Gray map, of linear codes over Z₄ that are defined by means of parity checks involving Galois rings. This paper describes how Fourier transforms on Galois rings and elementary symmetric functions can be used to derive lower bounds on the minimum distance of such codes. These methods and techniques from algebraic geometry are applied to find the exact minimum distance of a family of Z ₄. Linear codes with length 2^m (m, odd) and size 2(2^m+1-5m-2). The Gray image of the code of length 32 is the best (64, 2³⁷) code that is presently known. This paper also determines the exact minimum Lee distance of the linear codes over Z₄ that are obtained from the extended binary two- and three-error-correcting BCH codes by Hensel lifting. The Gray image of the Hensel lift of the three-error-correcting BCH code of length 32 is the best (64, 2³²) code that is presently known. This code also determines an extremal 32-dimensional even unimodular lattice