Adaptive,incentive and scalable dynamic tree overlay for P2P live video streaming

In this paper, we propose a new multicast tree framework to be used in peer-to-peer (P2P) live video streaming systems. The proposed system, adapts the tree links under high peer churn and runs in a totally distributed manner. In order to provide this dynamism and seamless streaming at the same time, we propose a cross layer design involving scalable video codec, backup parents and hierarchical clusters. The performance of the system is measured in real world environment PlanetLab that has nodes distributed all over the world. The experiments show that the proposed system provides high quality of experience (QoE) in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), playback delay and duration of pauses. The proposed system also provides incentive mechanism to its users.     

Optimisation of sourdough bread incorporation into wheat bread by response surface methodology: Bioactive and nutritional properties

The optimisation of the quantity of sourdough (A) prepared with two different fermentation methods, [spontaneous fermentation (F1) vs. starter of lactic acid bacteria‐added fermentation (F2)], instant active dry yeast (B) and wheat bran (C) for a nutritionally improved bread formulation has been studied by evaluating the bioavailability and bioactive properties. The bread produced according to the optimised formula and fermentation types of F1 (OB_F1) and F2 (OB_F2) was compared with control bread (CB). The optimised levels for F1 were 11.45% for sourdough, 1.10% for dry yeast and 1.58% for wheat bran and for F2 6.99% for sourdough, 1.02% for dry yeast and 38.84% for wheat bran. The addition of sourdough significantly (P < 0.05) affected antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, in vitro ash and protein digestibility, and enzyme resistance starch contents of bread. The F1 fermentation method was found to be more effective in terms of bread properties examined.     

气相色谱/质谱法分析栽培赤芝子实体中水溶性多糖

本文通过水溶沉淀法从赤芝子实体中提取出水溶性多糖。将多糖甲醇解后，以三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)制备成三甲基硅(TMS)的衍生物，经气相色谱／质谱联机分析，确定灵芝多糖分子中含四组成分：阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖，他们的质量比大致为1：16；4．5：33．6。该提取方法简便有效，所用分析快速，灵敏度高。     

锦纶-聚酯复合帘线的有限元分析

轮胎制造行业大量使用各种纤维帘线,然而纤维帘线的设计、开发和制造是一个非常复杂的过程,工程技术人员通常要开展一系列严谨而且复杂的工作,如建立模型、数据分析、结构设计、样品试制和产品测试等,采取不同的方法和技术措施解决过程中存在的各种问题,最后才能确定帘线制造的最佳方案.有限元分析是解决这种具有挑战性工程技术问题最有效的方法之一.尤其是近年来计算能力和智能工具技术水平的快速发展,促进了有限元分析技术的推广应用.     

Highly surfaced polypyrrole nano-networks and nano-fibers

Polypyrrole (PPy) nano-networks and nano-fibers were synthesized using interfacial and template polymerization techniques, respectively. The morphology of the PPy nano-networks showed that a homogeneous, three-dimensionally grown nano-fibers were produced. Dodecyl sulfonate was used as surfactant in the interfacial polymerization. Bulk conductivity of PPy nano-networks were in a range of 10⁻¹–10⁻⁴ S/cm with a surface area of ca. 480 m²/g. Template synthesis produced one-directional alignment of conducting nano-arrays for the purpose of possible applications of these materials in charge storage devices (i.e., supercapacitors) as electrode materials. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigations showed that these materials are promising for device applications.     

一款轻量级的复杂生物网络图形化分析软件的设计与实现

近年来,复杂网络理论受到广泛的关注和研究.本文将复杂网络的理论应用到生物数据分析领域,设计并实现一款智能化和可视化的生物网络特征分析软件.该软件可以实现数据输入或者批量数据导入功能,通过对数据的读取和结合相应的生物学背景知识,建立数据的网络视图,以及提供对该生物网络的特征系数的参考值及分析结果,能有效帮助用户发现节点之间存在的隐藏联系及功能模块之间的特征,是一款交互性较好的轻量级应用软件.     

Segment‐aware dynamic routing for DASH flows over software‐defined networks

Most of the video streaming applications running over the Internet send video data over HTTP and provide an architecture for video clients to adapt video quality during streaming. In HTTP adaptive streaming, a raw video is encoded at various qualities, each encoded video file is divided into small segments, and the clients may change the segment quality by sending requests for segments having different qualities over time. MPEG has standardized dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (MPEG‐DASH) due to this tendency. In this work, we focus on DASH over software‐defined networks (SDN), and we dynamically reroute DASH flows by considering the current network capacity, available bandwidth of the paths, and bitrate of the segments in order to provide high quality of experience (QoE) and fairness among DASH clients. Simulations performed under various network conditions show that the proposed study provides higher QoE and fairness compared with the max‐flow routing approach.     

Effectiveness of phase I applications for identifying randomly scattered out‐of‐control observations and estimating control chart parameters

Estimation of unknown process parameters with fixed‐size samples are studied in the following. The standard textbook approach for phase I control chart implementation with a Shewhart control chart is evaluated for the case of normally distributed independent observations with random sampling. The charts are simultaneously implemented by generating observations that have a given percentage of randomly scattered out‐of‐control observations. Simulating the phase I steps, where out‐of‐control samples are detected iteratively by determining trial control limits, identifying samples exceeding these limits, and revising the control limits, the standard practice is evaluated in terms of both detection performance and quality of parameter estimates. It is shown that standard phase I control chart implementations with 3‐σ‐limits may perform very poorly in identifying true out‐of‐control observations and providing a reference set of in‐control observations for estimation in some practical settings. A chart design with 2‐σ‐limits is recommended for a successful phase I analysis.     

Synthesis of a side chain liquid crystalline polycarbonate with a chiral backbone

We report the experimental demonstration of a novel and environmentally benign supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) technique that yields an optically active, side chain liquid crystalline polycarbonate in a single‐step reaction. The obtained polymer is worthwhile, since it is highly stereoregular and can find applications in an enlarged mesomorphic temperature range compared to its acrylic analogues. The synthesized materials were characterized by IR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR, while the thermal properties were measured by DSC. Polarized optical micrograph and wide angle X‐ray diffraction were used for the mesogenic property characterization of the copolymer. The transfer chirality from the backbone to the mesophase is demonstrated on the optical microscopy textures. Being consistent with the ¹³C‐NMR, X‐ray implies an ordered polymeric structure. The DSC analysis of the copolymer indicates that the T_i (the clearing point temperature) value does not change dramatically, whereas a pronounced decrease in T_g (the glass transition temperature) value is observed from that of its acrylic analogues. Hence, the obtained polymer exhibits another practical benefit by widening the mesomorphic temperature range. This study is the insightful combination of material processing and chemical design that elucidates the advantages of ScCO₂ application, in terms of liquid crystallinity and the tacticity of the obtained polymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1915–1921, 2006