Parametric inference for step-stress models

Applications of the additive accumulation of damages (AAD) or the accelerated failure time (AFT) and the proportional hazards (PH) models in accelerated life testing with step-stresses are discussed. A new model including AAD and PH models is proposed. It is more reasonable than the PH model and wider then the AAD model. Constructing the maximum likelihood function is discussed     

Metallurgical Features of Plasma Surfacing Repair of Magnesium Alloys

Metallurgist - Results are provided for studying formation of the structure and properties of products made of high-strength light alloy ML5 of the magnesium-aluminum-manganese-zinc system using...     

Microstructure,Phase Composition,and Thermal Stability of Two Zirconium Alloys Subjected to High‐Pressure Torsion at Different Temperatures

The structure, phase composition, and thermal stability of the industrial zirconium alloys, namely, E110 (Zr–1% Nb) and E635 (Zr–1% Nb–0.3% Fe–1.2% Sn), which are subjected to high‐pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature (RT), 200, and 400 °С have been studied. HPT of Zr‐alloys at RT (10 revolutions) leads to the formation of grain–subgrain nano‐sized structure and to increase the microhardness by 2.1…2.8 times. The increase in the HPT temperature to 200–400 °С leads to the increase in the structural‐element average size. The structural‐element size in the complexly alloyed E635 alloy in all cases is lower compared with the E110 alloy. The hardening of the alloys after HPT at RT and 200 °С is close, and at 400 °С is much less. HPT initiates the α‐Zr → (ω‐Zr + β‐Zr) transformation, which is the main factor for alloys hardening. The α‐Zr → (ω‐Zr + β‐Zr) transformation in the E635 alloy occurs less quickly. The maximum amount (ω‐Zr + β‐Zr) phase in the structure of the alloys is observed after HPT at RT and 200 °C, and the minimum ? at 400 °C. During heating, the alloys undergo the reverse (ω‐Zr + β‐Zr) → α transformation which depends on both the alloy composition and HPT temperature.

     

Boris Vladimirovich Proskuryakov

Obituaries

Boris Vladimirovich Proskuryakov     

Structure and properties of a layered steel/vanadium alloy/steel composite prepared by high-pressure torsion

The microstructure and hardness of a layered steel 08Kh17T/V–10Ti–5Cr/steel 08Kh17T composite, which was prepared by torsion under a high hydrostatic pressure at temperatures of 20, 200, and 400°C, have been studied. Severe plastic deformation under used conditions is shown to provide good joining of layers, which is accompanied by their substantial hardening (from 2.0 to 3.5 times). During deformation at temperatures of 20 and 200°C, fragmentation of the vanadium alloy layer into thinner layers is observed; at 400°C, mainly a plane interface between the vanadium alloy and the steel layers is formed.     

X-ray diffraction measurements of the internal stresses in coarse-grained polycrystals

The possibilities of a one-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of coarse-grained polycrystalline materials are demonstrated for cast 20L steel specimens in order to determine the elastic lattice strains and the residual stresses calculated from them.     

Structure and mechanical properties of oxide films on zirconium alloys upon oxidation under different conditions

The structure and mechanical properties, as well as the mechanism and kinetics of the destruction of oxide films formed on tube specimens of E110 zirconium alloy based on electrolytic or sponge zirconium upon corrosion testing in an autoclave and high-temperature oxidation in steam (LOCA conditions), were studied with the use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microhardness measurements, acoustic emission, and fractography. Oxide films on specimens made of electrolytic zirconium upon testing in an autoclave are found to be composed of extended grains with a thickness of 100 nm, while those on sponge specimens are composed chiefly of equiaxial grains with a diameter of 30 nm. After high-temperature oxidation, the structure of oxide films consists of extended grains of a variable thickness, which increases from the surface to the film-metal boundary from 600 nm to 2.5 μm on specimens made of electrolytic zirconium and from 250 nm to 2 μm on sponge-zirconium specimens. The microhardness of films after testing in an autoclave is 1200 ± 50 HV on electrolytic zirconium and 2000 ± 50 HV on sponge zirconium. The hardness of films on sponge-zirconium specimens upon high-temperature oxidation is 1600 ± 50 HV. The combined analysis of deformation diagrams, fractures, and acoustic emission data showed that the destruction of thin oxide films after testing in an autoclave and that of thick films after high-temperature oxidation begins with the formation of transverse brittle ruptures at the same load of 12–15 MPa. The number of cracks in the films on specimens that underwent high-temperature oxidation increases under loading especially rapidly on electrolytic zirconium.