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1.
Nils Hallbäck Fred Nilsson 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》1992,15(2):173-185
The fracture assessment of structures subjected to secondary loading systems was studied by FEM-analysis of a few illustrative two-dimensional examples. The first example is an edge-cracked plate with a thermal gradient. The FEM-calculations revealed that a purely elastic analysis yielded J-values that are in most cases considerably more conservative than the ones calculated from an elastic-plastic analysis. The results were further compared with different engineering type non-linear estimates. As a second example a crack emanating from a semi-circular notch in a rectangular plate was chosen. The plate was subjected to uniaxial tension along its boundaries. It turned out that for the cases considered the J-values were fairly close to those elastically predicted. 相似文献
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Oliver Schmutzler Sebastian Graf Nils Behm Wael Y. Mansour Florian Blumendorf Theresa Staufer Christian Krnig Dina Salah Yanan Kang Jan N. Peters Yang Liu Neus Feliu Wolfgang J. Parak Anja Burkhardt Elisabetta Gargioni Sabrina Gennis Sharah Chandralingam Finn Heg Wolfgang Maison Kai Rothkamm Florian Schulz Florian Grüner 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Quantitative cellular in vitro nanoparticle uptake measurements are possible with a large number of different techniques, however, all have their respective restrictions. Here, we demonstrate the application of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) on prostate tumor cells, which have internalized differently functionalized gold nanoparticles. Total nanoparticle uptake on the order of a few hundred picograms could be conveniently observed with microsamples consisting of only a few hundreds of cells. A comparison with mass spectroscopy quantification is provided, experimental results are both supported and sensitivity limits of this XFI approach extrapolated by Monte-Carlo simulations, yielding a minimum detectable nanoparticle mass of just 5 pg. This study demonstrates the high sensitivity level of XFI, allowing non-destructive uptake measurements with very small microsamples within just seconds of irradiation time. 相似文献
4.
Phase Stability of Fine-Grained (Mg,Y)-PSZ 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Frank Meschke Nils Claussen Goffredo De Portu Jürgen Rödel 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(7):1997-1999
A fine-grained zirconia, which has been costabilized with yttria and magnesia, has been prepared. Its stability during subeutectoid annealing at 1100deg; C, and its hydrothermal stability during hydrothermal treatment at 180deg; C, have been determined and they are compared to those of Y-TZP and Mg-PSZ materials . 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the origin of the differences in paper‐to‐paper friction of linerboards based on old corrugated containers (OCC). The sheets were subjected to two extraction stages and analyzed with respect to, surface roughness, and their content of low‐molecular‐mass lipophilic compounds (LLC). Friction was measured using a friction tester based on the horizontal plane principle. The surface roughness was measured using a Perthometer profiler and the low molecular mass lipophilic constituent of the paper sheets was determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy. The sheets were imaged using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and the relative compositions of inorganic ions on the paper surfaces were determined by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that a high amount of LLC in the sheets lead to low friction, due to lubrication. It was also observed that large CaCO3 particles on the surface had a friction‐increasing effect, and that there was no relationship between the surface roughness and the friction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1511–1520, 2002 相似文献
6.
Alternating-time temporal logic (ATL) is a modal logic that allows to reason about agents’ abilities in game-like scenarios. Semantic variants of ATL are usually built upon different assumptions about the kind of game that is played, including capabilities of agents (perfect vs. imperfect information, perfect vs. imperfect memory, etc.). ATL has been studied extensively in previous years; however, most of the research focused on model checking. Studies of other decision problems (e.g., satisfiability) and formal meta-properties of the logic (like axiomatization or expressivity) have been relatively scarce, and mostly limited to the basic variant of ATL where agents possess perfect information and perfect memory. In particular, a comparison between different semantic variants of the logic is largely left untouched. In this paper, we show that different semantics of ability in ATL give rise to different validity sets. The issue is important for several reasons. First, many logicians identify a logic with its set of true sentences. As a consequence, we prove that different notions of ability induce different strategic logics. Secondly, we show that different concepts of ability induce different general properties of games. Thirdly, the study can be seen as the first systematic step towards satisfiability-checking algorithms for ATL with imperfect information. We introduce sophisticated unfoldings of models and prove invariance results that are an important technical contribution to formal analysis of strategic logics. 相似文献
7.
Stuart Moran Nils Jäger Holger Schnädelbach Kevin Glover 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2016,20(2):261-275
Both breathing and internal self-awareness are an integral part of any yoga practice. We describe and discuss the development of ExoPranayama, an actuated environment that physically manifests users’ breathing in yoga. Through a series of trials with yoga practitioners and expert teachers, we explore its role in the practice of yoga. Our interview results reveal that biofeedback through the environment supported teaching and improved self-awareness, but it impacted group cohesion. Two practical uses of the technology emerged for supporting breath control in yoga: (1) biofeedback can provide new information about users’ current internal states; (2) machine-driven feedback provides users with a future state or goal and leads to improved cohesiveness. 相似文献
8.
This work presents a method for efficiently simplifying the pressure projection step in a liquid simulation. We first devise a straightforward dimension reduction technique that dramatically reduces the cost of solving the pressure projection. Next, we introduce a novel change of basis that satisfies free‐surface boundary conditions exactly, regardless of the accuracy of the pressure solve. When combined, these ideas greatly reduce the computational complexity of the pressure solve without compromising free surface boundary conditions at the highest level of detail. Our techniques are easy to parallelize, and they effectively eliminate the computational bottleneck for large liquid simulations. 相似文献
9.
This paper studies a new class of single-machine scheduling problems, which are faced by Just-in-Time-suppliers satisfying a given demand. In these models the processing of jobs leads to a release of a predefined number of product units into inventory. Consumption is triggered by predetermined time-varying, and product-specific demand requests. While all demands have to be fulfilled, the objective is to minimize the resulting product inventory. We investigate different subproblems of this general setting with regard to their computational complexity. For more restricted problem versions strongly polynomial time algorithms are presented. In contrast to this, NP-hardness in the strong sense is proven for more general problem versions. Moreover, for the most general version, even finding a feasible solution is shown to be strongly NP-hard. 相似文献
10.
Common characteristics of crisis situations are ambiguous and unplanned for events. The need for improvised roles can therefore be an imperative factor for the success of an operation. The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of the processes taking place during improvised work “as it happens”. A case study of a crisis management team at work is presented and provides an in-depth analysis of the information and communication flow of persons acting in improvised roles, including contextual factors influencing the task at hand. The analysis suggests that three main factors lay behind decreased performance by the team when some of its members were forced to take on roles for which they lacked professional training; lack of language skills, lack of domain knowledge and insufficient organizational structure of the tasks. Based on the observations from this case study, we suggest three ways of improving a team’s performance and hence resilience when forced to improvise due to lack of personnel in one or more required competence areas. These are training to take on the responsibility for tasks or roles outside ones professional area of specialization, developing formal routines for changes in roles and tasks and developing and using tools and routines for information sharing. 相似文献