Raising the accuracy of operative monitoring by using a variable pressure differential of the flow rate of material and energy carriers in the liquid and gaseous states

Means are considered for reducing the systematic errors in calculating the flow rate of material. For operative monitoring of the day- to- day flow rate, a comparative analysis is made of the numerical solution of the mass flow rate equation and the structure- generalized method for solving the equation.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 37–39, May, 1994.     

Method of assessing diffusion coefficients from gas absorption by metal powders

Conclusions A simple experimental method is proposed for determining diffusion coefficients from amounts of gas absorbed by metal powders. An analysis is made of errors in the measurement of D by the new method, and optimum experimental conditions are indicated. Data yielded by a study of the diffusion of hydrogen in LaCo₅ show that D _H ²⁹³ LaCo₅ can be calculated by this method with satisfactory accuracy.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 4(232), pp. 25–32, April, 1982.     

Interrelationship between the properties of powders,the pressing and sintering conditions,and the structure of porous niobium III. The porous structure of material of sintered niobium powders

Conclusions In the initial stage of sintering of high-porosity compacts of niobium powder the average pore size increases, the fine pores disappear, and coarser pores than in the original compacts appear.There is a linear relationship between average pore radius and the total volume of pores for similar sintering conditions.The relationship between open and closed porosity after sintering is determined completely by the total porosity and does not depend upon sintering conditions.In sintering of high porosity specimens of dispersed niobium powders zonal isolation of the particles occurs.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 7(331), pp. 23–28, July, 1990.     

Comparison of Standards for Calculating Flow Rate and Amount with ISO Standards

ISO documents and standards are compared for calculating flow rates and amounts on the basis of gas distribution data for Moscow region. It is shown to be best to introduce Changes 1 into MI 2588-2000, which have been accepted by most of the TC 30 countries.     

Reliability of Measurements of the Natural Gas Flow Rate and Volume in Gas Distribution Organizations

The proposed new approach to the procedure for measuring the flow rate and volume of gas under standard conditions in gas distribution organizations increases the reliability of the measurements. It is based on identical transformations of the Clapeyron-Mendeveleev equation, with modifications, and takes into account the composition of the natural gas and the recommendations of Federal Law No. 69-FZ (article 19) of March 31, 1999, about natural gas certification by Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. Use of the modified Clapeyron–Mendeleev equation is shown to changes the form of the transformation functions of various primary measuring transducers (turbine, rotary, vortex, ultrasonic, etc.) under the conditions of actual measurements.     

The FLOWMETRIKA software package

The FLOWMETRIKA software package is described. The purpose of the package is to design and check systems for measuring liquid and gas flow rates using the variable pressure drop method in orifices. Standard programs for calculating the physical properties of fluid media are employed in the software and the calculations are carried out in accordance with the State Standard GOST 8.563.1.2-97. The design is based on the optimality criterion taking constraints into account. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 33–34, January, 2000.     

Analysis of errors in the measurement of the volume of natural gas under standard conditions using measurement complexes that incorporate counters

A comparative analysis of techniques used to estimate the errors of measurement complexes that incorporate counters, using as an example measurements of the volume of natural gas from the Tyumen region in the range of absolute pressure 0.1-10 MPa, is conducted. Practical recommendations are given.Translated from Izmeritelnaya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 30–35, November, 2004.     

Flowmeter optimization in the design of differential manometers

An analysis is made of optimization criteria in the design of differential manometers. It is shown that it is expedient to use as the criterion the highest accuracy attainable for the lowest pressure loss (or for pressure losses not exceeding a specified value). An example is presented to illustrate how a flowmeter is designed on the basis of this criterion.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 35–36, February, 1995.