用于图像传感器制造的光刻技术

引言任何一种数字成像的核心都是图像传感器。它的基本结构包括一个能把光转换为图像的有源像素矩阵。数码相机和带相机的移动电话带动了图像传感器需求市场的快速增长,它们已成为主要IC制造商大量生产的产品之一。制造成像阵列通常采用两种主要的工艺技术——电荷耦合器件(CCD)和CMOS图像传感器(CIS)。在形成工艺层次组合和电学设计方面,这两种技术有很大差别。但是,两者都需要优化,以俘获到达的光线,并将其更有效地转化为电信号。CCD器件在象素区把光子转换为电荷。CIS器件则可以看作为改进的存储器单元,每一单元包含一个可以产生…     

Developing semantic VR-shops for e-Commerce

Increased bandwidth, cheaper and faster hardware, dedicated technology and the success of e-commerce make VR-shops feasible. VR-shops are similar to the e-shops currently available on the Web, with the difference that the products are visualized as 3D objects in a virtual world. Although VR-shops do not require sophisticated VR technology, they should be very flexible: it should be easy to add, remove and rearrange products; and to add, change or remove functionality. Therefore, an appropriate approach that can be used by a non-VR expert and which provides a short development time and easy maintenance is necessary. Also usability is very important because this is crucial for the success of VR-shops. In this paper, we present an approach to develop VR-shops that meet these requirements. It allows specifying a VR-shop using high-level conceptual specifications and in terms of domain terminology; semantics are captured by ontologies; existing product information can be incorporated; and the actual code is generated.     

Are firms withdrawing from basic research? An analysis of firm-level publication behaviour in Germany

Scientometrics - Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of...     

Topology optimization of support structure layout in metal-based additive manufacturing accounting for thermal deformations

This paper focusses on topology optimization of support structures for metal-based additive manufacturing. Processes based on powder bed fusion are subject     

Design and Synthesis of a Series of Piperazine‐1‐carboxamidine Derivatives with Antifungal Activity Resulting from Accumulation of Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species

In this study, we screened a library of 500 compounds for fungicidal activity via induction of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Structure–activity relationship studies showed that piperazine‐1‐carboxamidine analogues with large atoms or large side chains substituted on the phenyl group at the R³ and R⁵ positions are characterized by a high ROS accumulation capacity in Candida albicans and a high fungicidal activity. Moreover, we could link the fungicidal mode of action of the piperazine‐1‐carboxamidine derivatives to the accumulation of endogenous ROS.     

Sources of inspiration? Making sense of scientific references in patents

Scientific references in patent documents can be used as indicators signaling science-technology interactions. Whether they reflect a direct ‘knowledge flow’ from science to technology is subject of debate. Based on 33 interviews with inventors at Belgian firms and knowledge-generating institutes active in nanotechnology, biotechnology and life sciences, we analyze the extent to which scientific references in patents reflect sources of inspiration. Our results indicate that scientific knowledge acts as a source of inspiration for about 50 % of the inventions. At the same time, the scientific references cited in patent documents and available in patent databases do not provide an accurate picture in this respect: 30 % of patents that were inspired by scientific knowledge do not contain any scientific references. Moreover, if scientific references are present, half of them are evaluated as unimportant or background information by the inventor. Overall, these observations provide evidence that scientific references in patent documents signal relatedness with the implied inventions without necessarily implying a direct, inspirational, knowledge flow between both activity realms.