纳米钛酸盐催化合成碳酸二正丁酯

以廉价的偏钛酸为原料,采用水热法和乙醇热法制备了纳米钛酸盐(简称钛酸盐),并对其进行了X射线粉末衍射和X射线光电子能谱表征。考察了钛酸盐的种类、制备方法、晶型对催化碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与正丁醇酯交换反应的影响。实验结果表明,乙醇热法比水热法制备的钛酸盐粒径小;对于不同的钛酸盐,随钛酸盐碱性的增强,催化活性提高,但由于三价钛的存在,钛酸锂对产物碳酸二正丁酯(DBC)的选择性低于钛酸钡;钛酸钾的催化活性最高,DMC转化率达到65%,DBC选择性达到100%,DBC收率达到65%,并在5次循环使用过程中,催化性能稳定;对于同种钛酸盐,催化活性随粒径的增加而减小;对于钛酸钡,立方相结构的催化活性优于四方相结构。     

Preparation and Characterization of K_n|Ga(H_2O)MW_(11)O_(39)|·xH_2O

In this paper the heteropoly complexes K_n[Ga(H_20)MW_(11)O_39)]·xH_20 [M=Cu(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅲ), Mn(Ⅳ)] have been prepared in this laboratory firstly. The products were characterized by chemicalanalysis, ionexchange, IR, UV and X-ray powder diffraction.     

钨锗酸的催化脱水反应

报道了钨锗酸对醇脱水成醚或成烯的催化反应。     

超微粒子的合成及其应用

本文综述了超微粒子的合成方法和应用。着重叙述了超微粒子在催化、生物、医学、记录材料、传感材料等方面的应用。     

Simultaneous Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate and Poly（ethylene terephthalate） Using Alkali Metals as Catalysts

Dimethyl carbonate （DMC） and poly（ethylene terephthalate） was simultaneously synthesized by the transesterification of ethylene carbonate （EC） with dimethyl terephthalate （DMT） in this paper. This reaction is an excellent green chemical process without poisonous substance. Various alkali metals were used as the catalysts. The results showed alkali metals had catalytic activity in a certain extent. The effect of reaction condition was also studied. When the reaction was carded out under the following conditions： the reaction temperature 250℃, molar ratio of EC to DMT 3 ： 1, reaction time 3h, and catalyst amount 0.004 （molar ratio to DMT）, the yield of DMC was 68.9%.     

Nanoscale ZnS/TiO2 composites: Preparation, characterization, and visible-light photocatalytic activity

Photoactive ZnS/TiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared via microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method. The structure, composition, physicochemical property, and morphology of the composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering studies, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It showed that the composites were cube-shaped with particle sizes of 10 to 15 nm, and the phase structure for ZnS and TiO₂ in the composites was cubic and anatase, respectively. The content of the ZnS in the composites was 2.1%, 10.7%, and 19.9%, respectively. Compared with the solitary anatase TiO₂, the ZnS/TiO₂ exhibited enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the aqueous parathion-methyl degradation. Factors including the interactions between the phases of ZnS and TiO₂, strong adsorption of the substrate at the surface of the ZnS/TiO₂ nanocomposites, and preassociation of the substrate and composites are responsible for this enhancement photocatalytic activity.     

Al-Mg-Si合金线导电率演变规律与机制

通过不同温度退火处理模拟架空输电用Al-Mg-Si合金线的热服役环境,对不同退火温度下Al-Mg-Si合金线的导电率演变规律与机制进行了研究。结果表明,Al-Mg-Si合金线的导电率随着退火温度的升高呈现3阶段特征,第一阶段温度为90~150 ℃,Al-Mg-Si合金线导电率略微增大,缺陷的回复是本阶段Al-Mg-Si合金线导电率增大的原因;第二阶段温度为150~200 ℃,析出相的长大和固溶原子的析出导致Al-Mg-Si合金线导电率大幅增大;第三阶段温度为200~300 ℃,晶粒长大是Al-Mg-Si合金线导电率缓慢增大的主要原因。     

基于样条插值模型的间歇精馏模拟与预测控制

以Aspen Batch Distillation（ABD）中的间歇精馏仿真系统为过程原型,提出了利用过程的模拟测试数据来建立间歇精馏过程的样条插值简化模型（spline interpolation model, SIM）。结合变回流比下的动态修正函数,构造出了一种简单实用的动态模型。该模型可有效模拟不同组分浓度下回流比发生变化时馏出液浓度和流量的动态变化情况。以该模型作为预测模型,进一步提出了一种变回流比的预测控制（model predictive control, MPC）算法来使馏出液浓度按照期望的设定值变化。控制仿真结果表明该控制方案计算简单,同时具有较好的控制效果。     

Synthesis and conductivity of heptadecatungstovanadodiphosphoric heteropoly acid with Dawson structure

A new solid high-proton conductor, heptadecatungstovanadodiphosphoric heteropoly acid H₇P₂W₁₇VO₆₂·28H₂O with Dawson structure was synthesized by the stepwise acidification and the stepwise addition of element solutions. The optimal proportion of component compounds in the synthesis reaction was given. The product was characterized by chemical analysis, potentiometric titration, IR, UV, XRD, ³¹P NMR, TG-DTA and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that H₇P₂W₁₇VO₆₂·28H₂O possesses the Dawson structure. EIS measurements show a high conductivity (3.10 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ at 26 °C and 75% relative humidity), with an activation energy of 32.23 kJ mol⁻¹ for proton conduction. The mechanism of proton conduction for this heteropoly acid is Vehicle mechanism.     

函数相关论初探

本文剖析了事物发展过程的相似性与接近性,给出了函数相关度定义,讨论了函数相关度的基本性质;同时阐明了函数相关分析的一般过程