Negation as failure for disjunctive logic programming

We generalize the Negation-as-Failure procedure for disjunctive logic programming. Then we compare our method with related methods in the literature. We also propose a new completion theory for disjunctive logic programs which allows some program clauses to have inclusive meaning and the others exclusive meaning.     

On the SEP of Cooperative Diversity with Opportunistic Relaying

We analyze the exact symbol error probability (SEP) of cooperative diversity with opportunistic amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying. The benefit of this opportunism to the SEP is assessed by comparing with maximal ratio combining of orthogonal multiple AF relay transmissions.     

Simulating a Smartboard by Real-Time Gesture Detection in Lecture Videos

Gesture plays an important role for recognizing lecture activities in video content analysis. In this paper, we propose a real-time gesture detection algorithm by integrating cues from visual, speech and electronic slides. In contrast to the conventional “complete gesture” recognition, we emphasize detection by the prediction from “incomplete gesture”. Specifically, intentional gestures are predicted by the modified hidden Markov model (HMM) which can recognize incomplete gestures before the whole gesture paths are observed. The multimodal correspondence between speech and gesture is exploited to increase the accuracy and responsiveness of gesture detection. In lecture presentation, this algorithm enables the on-the-fly editing of lecture slides by simulating appropriate camera motion to highlight the intention and flow of lecturing. We develop a real-time application, namely simulated smartboard, and demonstrate the feasibility of our prediction algorithm using hand gesture and laser pen with simple setup without involving expensive hardware.      

A Hammerstein-based dynamic model for hysteresis phenomenon

The Hammerstein configuration, which includes a nonlinear static block followed by a linear dynamic block, is applied to model the rate-dependent and temperature-dependent hysteresis phenomenon. The nonlinear static block is realized by a modified Preisach model, which includes both the irreversible and reversible components of magnetization. The linear dynamic block is realized by a low-pass filter, which takes into account the rate-dependent effects of hysteresis. Temperature dependencies are incorporated into the model by fitting the model parameters as piecewise-linear functions of temperature. A procedure is described for the extraction of a single set of model parameters over the frequency, amplitude, and temperature ranges of interest. The theory is verified experimentally     

Queueing analyses of traffic access control strategies withpreemptive and nonpreemptive disciplines in wideband integrated networks

A multiserver queueing model of access control strategies for a wideband integrated services digital network (ISDN) is considered. There are two types of service requests (SRs): Type 1 SR requires b servers (basic bandwidth units, BBUs) of the c available servers, while Type 2 SR requires a single server. Both types of SRs are queuable in two separate infinite-size buffers. A Type 1 SR is allowed to seize d(⩽b) servers at first and then acquire additional servers as they become available to meet the original requirement of b servers. The arrival processes of both types of SRs are Poisson and the service times are exponentially distributed with mean b/dμ₁ and 1/μ₂ for Type 1 SR and Type 2 SR, respectively. Preemptive and nonpreemptive priority disciplines with movable boundary are analyzed using the Neuts' matrix-analytic approach. Numerical examples of the queue length distribution and the mean waiting time of the SRs are presented     

A 2.2 W, 80 MHz superscalar RISC microprocessor

A 28 mW/MHz at 80 MHz structured-custom RISC microprocessor design is described. This 32-b implementation of the PowerPC architecture is fabricated in a 3.3 V, 0.5 μm, 4-level metal CMOS technology, resulting in 1.6 million transistors in a 7.4 mm by 11.5 mm chip size. Dual 8-kilobyte instruction and data caches coupled to a high performance 32/64-b system bus and separate execution units (float, integer, loadstore, and system units) result in peak instruction rates of three instructions per clock cycle. Low-power design techniques are used throughout the entire design, including dynamically powered down execution units. Typical power dissipation is kept under 2.2 W at 80 MHz. Three distinct levels of software-programmable, static, low-power operation-for system power management are offered, resulting in standby power dissipation from 2 mW to 350 mW. CPU to bus clock ratios of 1×, 2×, 3×, and 4× are implemented to allow control of system power while maintaining processor performance. As a result, workstation level performance is packed into a low-power, low-cost design ideal for notebooks and desktop computers     

Elimination of extra spring effect at the step-up anchor ofsurface-micromachined structure

This paper describes the concept, analysis, fabrication, and testing of a new anchor for surface-micromachined beams. The anchor is designed to eliminate the extra spring effect at the step-up anchor common in conventional surface-micromachined beams, so that the boundary condition follows the ideal anchoring condition more accurately. The idea is to form a reinforcement hump at the beam anchor through a minor modification in the sacrificial-layer mask. No modification in the fabrication process is necessary. Formation of the reinforcement hump is tested using the multiuser MEMS Process (MUMP) foundry service at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC). The effectiveness of the new anchor is analyzed by finite-element analysis based on the actual anchor geometry obtained from the fabrication directly. Experimental verification is provided by making overhanging microcantilever pairs, one with the new anchor and the other with conventional, through MUMP's and postprocessing and comparing their frequency responses. Small-signal frequency response measurements are made with a modified Michaelson interferometer. Resonant frequency of a 2-μm-thick 300-μm-long polysilicon cantilever with the new anchor differed by less than 0.1% from the ideal anchor case. In comparison, the resonant frequency of the same beam with a conventional anchor is off by over 1%     

Application of genetic algorithm-based intuitionistic fuzzy weighted c-ordered-means algorithm to cluster analysis

Knowledge and Information Systems - With the advance of information technology, many fields have begun using data clustering to reveal data structures and obtain useful information. Most of the...     

Investigation of long term drift of an intraocular pressure sensor

Microsystem Technologies - “Zero drift” behavior of an optical intraocular pressure sensor is studied using an analytical model based on the deflection of a circular membrane. Results...     

Simulated Microgravity Inhibits the Proliferation of Chang Liver Cells by Attenuation of the Major Cell Cycle Regulators and Cytoskeletal Proteins

Simulated microgravity (SMG) induced the changes in cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization, which plays an important factor in various cellular processes. The inhibition in cell cycle progression has been considered to be one of the main causes of proliferation inhibition in cells under SMG, but their mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SMG on the proliferative ability and cytoskeleton changes of Chang Liver Cells (CCL-13). CCL-13 cells were induced SMG by 3D clinostat for 72 h, while the control group were treated in normal gravity at the same time. The results showed that SMG reduced CCL-13 cell proliferation by an increase in the number of CCL-13 cells in G0/G1 phase. This cell cycle phase arrest of CCL-13 cells was due to a downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6). SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells also exhibited a downregulation of α-tubulin 3 and β-actin which induced the cytoskeleton reorganization. These results suggested that the inhibited proliferation of SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells could be associate with the attenuation of major cell cycle regulators and main cytoskeletal proteins.