REVISITING BLACK ELECTORAL SUCCESS: OAKLAND (CA), 40 YEARS LATER

ABSTRACT: The city of Oakland, California, was one of the case studies Browning, Marshall and Tabb picked in their book Protest Is not Enough (1984) as a significant example of successful liberal black‐and‐white coalitions, leading to strong black incorporation. Yet over the past 40 years, the balance of power has dramatically changed in the city of Oakland. After several decades of experience with African‐American mayors and changing demographics, we need to reflect on the adequacy of this paradigm in light of the contemporary situation. The city once governed by a black mayor with a majority black city council in a traditional white progressive‐black coalition has now become intrinsically multicultural, leading to the election of former Governor Jerry Brown as a Mayor in 1998. Despite Ron Dellums's election in 2006, the black hold and control over the city seems to be more tenuous and fragile than it was 15 years ago. This article raises the question of the future of black urban political power in cities undergoing demographic and political changes. Our main findings are that black urban power in Oakland is still predominantly coalition‐based but involves new coalition partners with the demographic growth and the electoral mobilization of Hispanics and Asians. While the black‐led coalition still relies on white progressive support, this support has weakened, mostly because of the broadening of the progressives' agenda. Finally, the black community seems less likely to vote on pure identity grounds and seems increasingly inclined to vote along issues and interests.     

Phenoloxidase from the Cuticle of Florida Spiny Lobster (Panulirus argus): Mode of Activation and Characterization

Phenoloxidase (PO) from lobster cuticle existed as a large inert enzyme (IPO1) which became active (15-fold increase) upon incubation at 4°C and 3 days storage. Electrophorcsis of day 3 extracts showed that the large enzyme disappeared gradually while a new PO (EAPO) developed (Mw of 62.5 kDA). Trypsin treatment yielded a similar enzyme (TAPO2; 64 kDA). Kinetic properties such as Km and E_a indicated that dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) appeared to be a more physiologically important substrate for the trypsin treated PO than EAPO. In addition, temperature and pH properties indicated that different structural and functional properties existed between the three forms (IPO1, EAPO, TAPO2).     

面向802.11b/g应用的RF功放性能优化新一代RF功放积极应对WiFi的性能挑战

随着商业和家庭应用市场范围的不断扩大,802．11无线局域网(WLAN)的市场(业界称之为WiFi)出现了快速增长的局面。根据Strategy Analytics公布的数据,WLAN芯片的市场有望在2004年达到7．57亿美元,器件出货量年度增长32％。     

安第斯山下的古城

圣地亚哥（西班牙语：Santiago）．智利首都，南美洲第四大城市，位于国境中部，坐落在马波乔河畔，东依安第斯山，西距瓦尔帕来索港约100公里，夏季干燥温和，冬季凉爽多雨雾，碧波鳞鳞的马波乔河从城边缓缓流过，终年积雪的安第斯山仿佛一顶闪闪发光的银冠，天然山水给圣地亚哥增添了动人的风韵。     

CITIZEN COPRODUCTION AS A MODE OF PARTICIPATION: CONJECTURES AND MODELS*

With cutbacks in local service delivery budgets, attention has focused on how best to maintain current levels of services without increases in taxation. One alternative focuses on the concept of coproduction-where citizens provide factor inputs to the production of services. This paper analyzes the concept of coproduction, arguing it has a valuable role not only as an alternative production mode, but as a participatory behavior.     

FixtureNet: interactive computer-aided design via the World Wide Web

The Internet offers tremendous potential for rapid development of mechanical products to meet global competition. In the past several years, a variety of geometric algorithms have been developed to evaluate computer-aided design (CAD) models with respect to manufacturing properties such as feedability, fixturability, assemblability, etc. Unfortunately, most of these algorithms are tailored to a particular CAD system and format and so have not been widely tested by industry. The World Wide Web may offer a solution: its simple interface language offers ade factostandard for the exchange of geometric data with industry and research groups. In this paper, we describe a feasibility study for such an interactive system, which can be tested directly athttp://teamster.usc.edu/fixture/     

Effect of fluxing additive on sintering temperature, microstructure and properties of BaTiO3

Various fluxing materials are added to technical ceramics in an attempt to lower their sintering temperatures and make their processing economical. The effect of 0·3?wt% Li₂CO₃ addition on the phase, microstructure, phase transition temperatures and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ was investigated in the present study. The addition of 0·3?wt% Li₂CO₃ was observed to lower the optimum sintering temperature by ??200°C with no second phase formation and cause a five-fold reduction in grain size. Rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic and tetragonal-to-cubic phase transitions at the expected temperatures were evident from the Raman spectra, but the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition was not clearly discernible. The persistence of various phase(s) at higher temperatures in the flux-added materials indicated that the phase transitions occurred relatively slowly. A decrease in dielectric constant of Li₂O-added BaTiO₃ in comparison to pure BaTiO₃ may be due to the diminished dielectric polarizability of Li^?+? in comparison to Ba^2?+?.