Structured low-density parity-check codes

This article describes the different methods to design regular low density parity-check (LDPC) codes with large girth. In graph terms, this corresponds to designing bipartite undirected regular graphs with large girth. Large girth speeds the convergence of iterative decoding and improves the performance at least in the high SNR range, by slowing down the onsetting of the error floor. We reviewed several existing constructions from exhaustive search to highly structured designs based on Euclidean and projective finite geometries and combinatorial designs. We describe GB and TS LDPC codes and compared the BER performance with large girth to the BER performance of random codes. These studies confirm that in the high SNR regime these codes with high girth exhibit better BER performance. The regularity of the codes provides additional advantages that we did not explore in this article like the simplicity of their hardware implementation and fast encoding.     

An expert system with temporal reasoning for alarm processing inpower system control centers

The alarm lists presented to control center operators are usually difficult to interpret. The authors present an expert system that processes the alarm lists in Portuguese control centers. This system makes an intelligent synthesis of the available information and presents it in a flexible and structured way. It uses an original approach to deal with temporal reasoning and real-time constraints. The system incorporates an explanation module that enables its use as a tutor for novice operators     

Multicriteria procedure for the design and the management of infiltration systems.

Infiltration systems are frequently used as an option to manage urban storm drainage. By reducing flows and volumes in downstream sewers or in surface waters, they decrease the overflows and make it possible to recharge groundwater. They come in various forms with different uses; therefore, their performance is diverse and integrates multiple aspects. Consequently, a multicriteria approach was developed in order to quantify the performance of these systems and to help in decision making problems. For that purpose, a list of performance indicators integrating technical, economical, environmental and social aspects was developed. The performances were defined with the help of a working group composed of engineers from different technical or strategic departments from Greater Lyon and researchers from different fields. The paper presents the last version of the performance indicators tested according to a set of quality requirements: availability of data, relevance, fidelity, precision, sensitivity/robustness. This critical review of the set of indicators has led us to redefine a certain number of indicators, identify numerous biases and allow putting forward general instructions for criterion or indicator construction. The last phase is to propose multicriteria decision aid methods; a procedure using ELECTRE methods should be used.     

核电厂管系振动鉴定

本文介绍了核电厂管道振动鉴定概况,讨论了目前使用的管系振动的鉴定方法,给出了鉴定准则。     

Understanding source effects in ADHD rating scales: Reply to DuPaul (2003).

G. J. DuPaul (see record 2003-02033-012) offered two suggestions for additional research to understand the strong source effects reported by R. Gomez, G. L Burns, J. A. Walsh, and M. A. de Moura (see record 2003-02033-001) in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The first suggestion was to determine whether the source effects represent mostly bias or accuracy. The second suggestion was to minimize source effects through the development of better ADHD rating scales. Because source effects can represent bias or accuracy, it is important to minimize the bias aspect through content validation procedures prior to attempts to determine whether source effects better reflect bias or accuracy. This comment offers various suggestions to reduce the bias in ADHD rating scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Vitamin C Spray Drying: Study of the Thermal Constraint

Temperature variation in the spray drying method has no effect on the ascorbic acid molecule. No chemical interaction between the colloidal silica and the ascorbic acid could be determined, but a physicochemical interaction “absorption” was determined. Colloidal silica improved the final yield of spray drying in proportion to its concentration. No polymorphic forms could be determined in the spray-dried ascorbic acid. Drug release from the ascorbic acid spray dried was found to be dependent on the Aerosil content: highest release rates were obtained with Aerosil.     

超临界流体萃取的平衡溶解度

由溶剂化缔合观点,推导出了计算难挥发物质在超临界流体(SCF)中平衡溶解度的缔合模型.利用文献数据对缔合模型的适用性进行了考察,得到了较满意的结果.以缔合模型为基础,对SCF的溶解能力及其随诸因素影响的变化规律进行了分析和讨论,由此得出的一些推论均能和实验现象一致.     

Synthesis and characterization of epoxidized styrene–butadiene rubber/silicon dioxide hybrid materials

Hybrid materials were synthesized from epoxidized (68, 43, or 14%) styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and the hydrolysis product of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in situ under ultrasonic irradiation. The products were characterized with thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), stress–strain tests, scanning electron microscopy (including energy‐dispersive spectrometry), and swelling in tetrahydrofuran and water. The most transparent were those prepared from SBR with the highest degree of epoxidation, whereas those obtained from less epoxidized SBR and with larger amounts of TEOS showed distinct phases that could be considered two hybrid phases (one rich in TEOS and another rich in SBR). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 798–803, 2004     

The biodrying process of sewage sludge – a review

Abstract

Sewage treatment can be classified into three phases: liquid, gaseous, and solid. Treatment of solids is performed in several steps, and the greatest difficulty in removing water from sewage sludge is due to the bound water present in the sludge. Thus, biodrying, a drying method that can be classified as biological, has been recently applied to treat this type of waste. This review paper aims to report and compile data from 49 biodrying assays of sewage sludge found in the literature (through the present, 2019) into one synthesis table, to discuss and compare the numerous variables found in these papers and their implications for biodrying, and to suggest possibilities for future research. This paper additionally intends to improve knowledge of biodrying and to consequently contribute to the monitoring and understanding of the process.     

固体─超临界流体相平衡的分子热力学模型

从分子热力学基础出发提出一个适用于固体-超临界流体相平衡的理论模型，溶液中溶质的化学位分解为无限稀溶液化学位及溶质浓度效应两部.无限稀溶液化学位由简化的Oz方程计算，其中包括斥力贡献、局部组成及长程引力项浓度对化学位的贡献由作者根据Kirkwood-Buff溶液理论提出的修正Wilson模型计算．用45个二元系862个数据点对此模型进行检验并和PR方程（vdw-2混合规则）计算结果进行比较，本模型的平均绝对误差为11.7％，而PR方程的结果为14.9％，对极性溶剂体系的计算结果有显著改善.用此模型直接推算的萘-Co_2体系萘的偏摩尔焓和文献数据相吻合