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1.
Hypomagnesemia as a predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients and the role of proton pump inhibitors: A cross‐sectional, 1‐year,retrospective cohort study
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Rika Ago Toshihiro Shindo Masataka Banshodani Sadanori Shintaku Misaki Moriishi Takao Masaki Hideki Kawanishi 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2016,20(4):580-588
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and serum magnesium levels, and the role of hypomagnesemia and PPI use as a risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods An observational study, including a cross‐sectional and 1‐year retrospective cohort study. The study comprised 399 hemodialysis patients at a single center, and was conducted from January to September 2014. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the independent relationship between serum magnesium levels and baseline demographic and clinical variables, including PPI and histamine‐2 receptor antagonist use. Cox regression model was used to identify lower serum magnesium level and PPI as a predictor of 1‐year mortality. Findings Serum magnesium levels were lower with PPI use than non‐PPI use (2.39 ± 0.36 vs. 2.56 ± 0.39 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PPI use, low serum albumin levels, and low serum potassium and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels were significantly associated with low serum magnesium levels. A total of 29 deaths occurred during the follow‐up period. According to Cox regression analysis stratified by hs‐CRP, only high serum hs‐CRP levels (>4.04 mg/L) in association with low serum magnesium levels was an independent risk factor for 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.53–6.40, P < 0.001). Discussion Serum magnesium levels are lower in PPI use. In the inflammatory state, a low serum magnesium level is a significant predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. 相似文献
2.
Young, gregariously living larvae of the willow leaf beetles Plagiodera versicolora are known to exhibit characteristic aggregation-dispersion-reaggregation behavior and local fidelity to a host tree. In this
study, we investigated whether plant volatiles induced by feeding P. versicolora larvae were involved in the reaggregation behavior. Under laboratory conditions, we conducted dual-choice bioassays and found
that the first and second instars discriminated between volatiles from leaves infested by larvae and volatiles from uninfested
leaves. The discriminative behavior was dependent on both the time leaves were infested and the age of discriminating larvae.
First and second instars preferred odor from 1-d-infested leaves to odor from uninfested leaves, whereas third instars (solitary
stage) did not discriminate between these volatile blends. Odor from 2-d-infested leaves was preferred to odor from 1-d-infested
leaves by first instars, whereas odor from leaves infested for 3 d was not attractive to these very young larvae. Neither
was odor of leaves infested for 1 d and then left uninfested for 1 or 2 d attractive to young larvae. The data suggest that
the first and second instars use volatiles from a leaf newly infested by conspecific larvae as one of the reaggregation cues.
We detected several herbivore-induced compounds in the headspace of the attractive leaves. Among those, a mixture of synthetic
(E)-β-ocimene, (Z)-β-ocimene, allo-ocimene, and linalool was found to attract the larvae. 相似文献
3.
Rika E. Anderson Alexis D. Ostrowski Danielle E. Gran Jesse D. Fowler Alan R. Hopkins Randy M. Villahermosa 《Polymer Bulletin》2008,61(5):563-568
Summary Various diameters of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were easily made by varying the sweep rate in the
electrochemical polymerization of the aniline monomer. At a sweep rate of 5 mV/s, the PANI nanofibers have
an average diameter of 450 nm with a median of 440 nm. The fibers are short, on the order of a few microns
in length, and exhibit a branched geometry. Increasing the sweep rate to 50 mV/s produced longer nanofibers
with a smaller average diameter of 200 nm. Nanofibers synthesized at 100 mV/s were noted to be smaller
with an average and median diameter of 100 nm. These results illustrate the ease in which the morphology
of nanostructured PANI can be altered and indicate that the method has the potential to create multi-diameter
fibers or mixed-morphology materials. 相似文献
4.
The microstructure of Cu interconnections fabricated by high-pressure annealing was evaluated using a field emission scanning
electron microscope/electron backscatter diffraction pattern (FE-SEM/EBSP) technique, and the results are compared with as-deposited
and normally annealed Cu films. The results show some grains extending from the bulk field to the via regions in the case
of the high-pressure annealed Cu films. The existence of via holes was also observed, in which all grains were (111) oriented.
This indicates that the high-pressure annealing process enables the Cu that in-fills the via holes to develop into favorable
microstructures, i.e., single-crystal and with (111) orientation. 相似文献
5.
As we move towards the miniaturization of devices to perform tasks at the nano and microscale, it has become increasingly important to develop new methods for actuation, sensing, and control. Over the past decade, bio‐hybrid methods have been investigated as a promising new approach to overcome the challenges of scaling down robotic and other functional devices. These methods integrate biological cells with artificial components and therefore, can take advantage of the intrinsic actuation and sensing functionalities of biological cells. Here, the recent advancements in bio‐hybrid actuation are reviewed, and the challenges associated with the design, fabrication, and control of bio‐hybrid microsystems are discussed. As a case study, focus is put on the development of bacteria‐driven microswimmers, which has been investigated as a targeted drug delivery carrier. Finally, a future outlook for the development of these systems is provided. The continued integration of biological and artificial components is envisioned to enable the performance of tasks at a smaller and smaller scale in the future, leading to the parallel and distributed operation of functional systems at the microscale. 相似文献
6.
Ishikawa S Naetoko E Kawamura S Yamaguchi R Higuchi M Kojima T Yamato Y Takahashi M 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2004,45(2):87-94
We investigated 160 kinds of pesticide residues in 715 samples of 116 kinds of foods distributed in Kitakyushu city. Sixty kinds of pesticides were detected in 55 kinds of foods (204 samples) in the range of 0.002-22 mg/kg. Five kinds of pesticides in 7 samples violated the residue standards and the indication of "unused". The detection ratios of unregulated pesticide in domestic and imported foods were 27.8 and 33.0%, respectively. Iprodione, dicofol, diethofencarb, procymidone and chlorfenapyr (for domestic food) and total bromine, benomyl, chlorpyrifos, dicofol, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and dimethoate (for imported food) showed relatively high detection ratios. Chinese cabbage, garland chrysanthemum, tomatoes and green teas (domestic) and broccoli, bananas, grapefruit, lemons, oranges, frozen edamame and frozen kidney beans (imported) showed high relative pesticide detection ratios. Residual pesticides were detected with relatively high frequency in imported fruits, imported frozen foods and imported processed foods. 相似文献
7.
Erman Taer Novi Yanti Widya Sinta Mustika Apriwandi Apriwandi Rika Taslim Agustino Agustino 《国际能源研究杂志》2020,44(13):10192-10205
Carbonization and activation have been exploited as an economic and efficient approach toward the production of porous activated carbon monolith derived from green stem of cassava (GSC). In addition, ZnCl2 was used as a chemical activator agent at various concentrations, therefore serving as a key factor in the development of porous carbon. The carbonization process (N2) was integrated with physical activation (CO2), and then N2 sorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray were examined to evaluate the specific surface area, pore structure characteristic, morphology structure, crystallinity, and the surface element, respectively. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry was used to measure the electrochemical performance, through a two-electrode system in 1M H2SO4. Therefore, the synthesized porous activated carbon exhibits a micropores-mesopores combination, and the optimized sample demonstrated nanosheet and nanofiber structures. The results show a high electrochemical behavior in 1M H2SO4 electrolytes, by the electrodes, with specific capacitance, energy, and power densities of 164.58 F g−1, 22.86 Wh kg−1, and 82.38 W kg−1, respectively. This route confirms the opportunity of using novel GSC in the production of porous carbon monolith with nanosheet/nanofiber structure for supercapacitor applications. 相似文献
8.
Hiroshi Watanabe Eizi Yano Keita Higashida Syouichi Hasegawa Junji Takabayashi Rika Ozawa 《Journal of chemical ecology》2016,42(2):149-155
Many natural enemies of insects use honeydew as a volatile cue to locate hosts or prey, as an oviposition stimulant, and as an arrestant for foraging. The aphidophagous gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has predacious larval stages and can be used to control aphid populations, especially in greenhouses. Previous studies have shown that the honeydew, excreted by the aphid Myzus persicae, attracts A. aphidimyza, but the crucial attractants have not been identified. Using an olfactometer, we studied behavioral responses of female A. aphidimyza to volatiles emitted from honeydew excreted by the aphid Aphis gossypii on eggplants. The volatiles attracted female midges and induced oviposition. Moreover, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we identified phenylacetaldehyde as the attractant compound in the honeydew, although it did not induce oviposition in olfactometer experiments. 相似文献
9.
Plants are frequently attacked by herbivores and pathogens and therefore have acquired constitutive and induced defenses during the course of their evolution. Here we review recent progress in the study of the early signal transduction pathways in host plants in response to herbivory. The sophisticated signaling network for plant defense responses is elicited and driven by both herbivore-induced factors (e.g., elicitors, effectors, and wounding) and plant signaling (e.g., phytohormone and plant volatiles) in response to arthropod factors. We describe significant findings, illuminating the scenario by providing broad insights into plant signaling involved in several arthropod-host interactions. 相似文献
10.
Atsushi Watarai Keigo Kubota Masaki Yamagata Takuya Goto Toshiyuki Nohira Rika Hagiwara Koichi Ui Naoaki Kumagai 《Journal of power sources》2008,183(2):724-729
The physicochemical properties of molten alkali bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, MTFSI (M = Li, K, Cs), mixture (xLiTFSI = 0.20, xKTFSI = 0.10, xCsTFSI = 0.70) were studied to develop a new rechargeable lithium battery operating at intermediate temperature (100–180 °C). The viscosity and ionic conductivity of this melt at 150 °C are 87.2 cP and 14.2 mS cm−1, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry revealed that the electrochemical window at 150 °C is as wide as 5.0 V, and that the electrochemical deposition/dissolution of lithium metal occurs at the cathode limit. A Li/MTFSI (M = Li, K, Cs)/LiFePO4 cell showed an excellent cycle performance at a constant current rate of C/10 at 150 °C; 95% of the initial discharge capacity was maintained after 50 cycles. Except for the initial few cycles, the coulombic efficiencies were approximately 100% for all the cycles, indicating the stabilities of the molten MTFSI mixture and all the electrode materials. 相似文献