Determination of similar task types by the use of the multidimensional classification method: towards improving quality of working life and job satisfaction

In this paper the entity is defined as the constituent unit of the work group. Actually the entity means the individual worker, supervisor, or task. These entities have respectively their attributes and also contribute to the effectiveness of the design of the work group. Similar types of entities are constructed by considering the interrelations between attributes and effectiveness.

The suggested MDC (multidimensional classification method) is a new method of classifying the entities in relation to the defined attribute space and effectiveness space and of better constructing similar types. From the viewpoint of the operationality of design and redesign of the work group, the MDC is useful to determine rationally the similar types of entities. In fact, in relation to job satisfaction, the similar task types could be successfully constructed by the use of the MDC. As a result, higher job satisfaction could be realized by manipulating the similar task types so determined.

The similar types which are determined by the MDC are useful to create the design rules for manipulating the entities in the process of designing an effective work group. By determining the similar types of workers and supervisors and also adopting work performance and productivity as effectiveness indexes, the methodology can be established for designing an effective work group.     

A multidimensional classification method for finding the design rules of work groups

This paper suggests a new multidimensional classification method (CMDC-II), which is a method for finding the design rules of effective work groups by determining rational combinations of workers, tasks and supervisors. The CMDC-II is a new method for providing design rules from the viewpoint of design goal attainment. The features of our methodology are summarized as follows.

Technical, social and organizational factors are introduced as attributes of task, worker and supervisor.

Goals, criteria, standards and goal sets are integrated into a multidimensional space.

The design rules are found by the use of the CMDC-II.

The design is performed by determining an effective combination of task, worker and supervisor.     

南京东路消费者的入口消费行为研究

以上海南京东路消费者为研究对象,分析了消费者入口消费行为的特征,并使用多项分对数模型建构了入口阶段的消费者行为模型,模型取得了较好的拟合优度,显示了随机效用理论在描述消费者入口消费行为中的适用性,同时通过考察模型系数,探讨了商业空间要素影响入口消费行为的方向、程度以及不同属性消费的行为差异。     

Optimizing the interaction of technical,social and organizational factors in work groups—an application of the multidimensional classification method

This paper suggests a new multidimensional classification method for finding design rules for work groups from the viewpoint of optimizing the interaction of technical, social and organizational factors in work groups. It is called the contingent multidimensional classification method (CMDC)

For classifying tasks, the CMDC evaluates three kinds of similarities.

(1)Similarity in the attributes of tasks.

(2)Similarity in the effects of tasks.

(3)Similarity in the attributes of worker and supervisors being assigned the tasks.

The effects are measured by such effectiveness indexes as job satisfaction or work performance.

Several design rules are needed to adapt to various situations, because there is no single best rule for designing effective work groups. The diverse design rules for determining interrelationships among constituent units of the work group—task, worker and supervisor—can be found by examining the properties of ‘similar task types’ resulting from classifying tasks by CMDC     

Strength-Toughness Relations in Sintered and Isostatically Hot-Pressed ZrO2-Toughened Al2O3

The fracture toughness of fine-grained undoped ZrO₂-toughened Al₂O₃ (ZTA) was essentially unchanged by postsintering hot isostatic pressing and increased monotonically with ZrO₂ additions up to 25 wt%. The strength of ZTA with 5 to 15 wt% tetragonal ZrO₂, which depended monotonically on the amount of ZrO₂ present before hot isostatic pressing, was increased by pressing but became almost constant between 5 and 15 wt% ZrO₂ addition. The strength appeared to be controlled by pores before pressing and by surface flaws after pressing; the size of flaws after pressing increased with ZrO₂ content. The strength of ZTA containing mostly monoclinic ZrO₂ (20 to 25 wt%) remained almost constant despite the noticeable density increase upon hot isostatic pressing because the strength was controlled by preexisting microcracks whose extent did not change on postsintering pressing. These strength-toughness relations in sintered and isostatically hot-pressed ZTA are explained on the basis of R -curve behavior. The importance of the contribution of microcracks to the toughness of ZTA is emphasized.     

米曲霉RIBl28耐酸性木聚糖酶的研究

通过RBB-Xylan筛选平板和固体培养方法获得了产木聚糖酶菌株米曲霉(Aspergillus     

On the evaluation of group effectiveness for designing work groups

This study suggests a method evaluating the effectiveness of the individual work group, i.e. group effectiveness. In the design process it is very important to know what effectiveness we can expect from a proposed work group, and also when redesigning or reappraising a work group we must be able to evaluate the existing State of effectiveness. In either case the evaluation of group effectiveness is carried out through a procedure for ascertaining the goals for which the work group is designed.

A special characteristic of our suggested method is that the group effectiveness is evaluated on the basis of configural patterns in multidimensional space. That is. each group member's response to effects is discriminated as an ‘effect-point’ in the multidimensional ‘effectiveness space’, which is formed by the use of a multidimensional scaling method, and then the relative effectiveness is assessed from the patterns of the effect-points in the effectiveness space.

In order to appraise the existing state and estimate the design goals, the effectiveness must be related to the attributes of the work group. These relationships can he found from analyses employing ‘multidimensional classification methods’, i.e. M DC, CMDC-I, and CMDC-II. Thus the designer is able to predict effectiveness from the attributes of the proposed work group. In this paper we examine these relationships by the analysis of two indices of effectiveness (job satisfaction and work performance) and the attributes of the worker and task which are the critical elements for the design of an effective work group. We suggest a procedure to evaluate group effectiveness and identify the design goals. Our procedure will be applied to the design of more effective and better work groups.     

Phase Transformation in Barium Orthoferrate, BaFeO3-x

The compound BaFeO_{3- x} exists in many forms, the hexagonal phase having a wide range in oxygen content (BaFeO_2.63–2.92). The other phases have the limited compositions and the distinct structures of perovskite: triclinic I, BaFeO_2.50; triclinic II, BaFeO_2.64–2.67; rhombohedral I and II, BaFeO_2.62–2.64; and tetragonal, BaFeO_2.75–2.81. The phases contain Fe⁴⁺ ions correlating with the oxygen content. The hexagonal phase shows a continuous change in oxygen content with temperature down to BaFeO_2.63. The perovskitelike phases, however, show characteristic transformations. The triclinic I phase oxidizes to the triclinic II form at 320° to 500°C and to the hexagonal form at 720° to 915°C in oxygen. These transformations are related to oxidation-reduction of iron ions (Fe³⁺⇌ Fe⁴⁺).