Experimental Study of Porous Gel Sintering

Formation and disappearance of closed pores in silica gel during sintering were experimentally detected using a light-scattering technique. The disappearance of closed pores is strongly influenced by the atmosphere in which the gel is sintered.     

基于累积损伤理论的土石坝地震永久变形分析

以龙冈的在不规则荷载作用下土体应变的累积损伤理论为基础,提出了基于累积损伤理论的土石坝地震永久变形分析方法。采用大型静力和动力三轴仪,对某土石坝筑坝材料的静动变形特性进行了试验研究,确定了筑坝材料的静力和动力应力应变关系、累积应变模型和相应的材料参数。利用该方法,分别对在日本2008年6月14日岩手—宫城内陆M7.2级地震作用下该土石坝的在建坝体和竣工后坝体的地震永久变形特性进行了研究。结果表明：在建坝体的坝内沉降计算值与现场实测值基本吻合,并且通过与其它土石坝实测值的比较,说明竣工后坝体的坝顶沉降预测值在合理范围之内。     

Scanning transmission ion microscopy on Fudan SPM facility

In this paper,we report a novel measurement system based on the development of Fudan Scanning Proton Microscopy(SPM) facility.By using Si-PIN diode(Hamamatsu S1223-01) detector,scanning transmission ion microscopy(STIM) measurement system has been set up.It can provide density and structural images with high probing efficiency and non-destruction by utilizing the energy loss of high energy(MeV) and focused ions penetrating through a thin sample.STIM measurement is able to map the density distribution of organic elements which mostly compose biology materials,such information can not be detected by using conventional Be-windowed Si(Li) X-ray detector in Particle Induced X-ray Emission(PIXE) technique.The spatial resolution capability of STIM is higher than PIXE technique at same accelerator status.As a result of STIM measurement,Paramecium attached on the top of Kapton tube was measured by STIM.     

Window functions obtained by convolution integrals of rectangular windows

The rectangular, triangular, and Parzen windows, which have been defined independently of each other, are obtained by repeating convolution integrals of the rectangular window with itself. They are extended to make a series of window functions. This series has the advantage that the sidelobe fall-off is variable though it has the disadvantage that the mainlobe band-width for the same highest sidelobe level is 1–1·3 times those of the gaussian, Kaiser, Dolph–Chebyshev or Blackman–Harris windows. Moreover, this series has a desirable mainlobe bandwidth of 0·85–1 times that of cos^x x windows for the same highest sidelobe level and sidelobe fall-off. Thus, this series is useful in designing window functions whose mainlobe bandwidth is in between that of the gaussian or Kaiser windows and that of cos^x x windows and whose sidelobe fall-off is as good as that of the cos^x x windows.     

High-pressure synthesis of diamond from phenolic resin

Two kinds of phenolic resin, novolak and resols, have been studied with an addition of cobalt at pressures between 2 and 4 GPa and at temperatures from 1300 to 1900 °C, all under thermodynamically graphite-stable conditions. Diamond was synthesized from these resins which had been pre-fired at 500–1000 °C. From such resins, carbon precursors carrying a great number of radicals, being nearly free of hydrogen and oxygen, and turbostratic in structure, can be constructed. The pressure–temperature conditions suitable for the diamond synthesis were dependent on the pre-firing temperatures. The cobalt served as a catalyst–solvent, similar to the case of conventional diamond synthesis from graphite under diamond-stable conditions. Well-defined single crystals cubo-octahedral in shape, measuring 0.3–0.7 mm across and classified as type Ib were obtained. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF GREEN TEA POLYPHENOLS IN EDIBLE OILS

The antioxidant activity of green tea polyphenols in several edible oils and fried noodle was investigated. The green tea polyphenols consisted of 27.1% (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 19.3% (+)-gallocatechin, 16.7% (−)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, 16.1% (−)-epigallocatechin, 8.1% (−)-epicatechin-3-gallate, 7.5% (−)-epicatechin, and 5.2% (+)-catechin. The antioxidant effect of green tea polyphenols in lard and soybean oil was dose-dependent, but tocopherol was less effective. Compared to BHA and tocopherol, green tea polyphenols showed a stronger antioxidative activity on fish oil. Noodles were fried in lard containing green tea polyphenols at several concentrations. The oxidative stability of the noodle was proportional to the green tea polyphenol concentration in lard.     

Debittering Mechanism in Bitter Peptides of Enzymatic Hydrolysates from Milk Casein by Aminopeptidase T

The bitter peptide fraction present in casein hydrolysates obtained by using three proteases (subtilisin, papain and trypsin) was treated with aminopeptidase T from Thermus aquaticus YT-1. The bitterness of the bitter peptide fraction could be decreased, and it sometimes disappeared completely, with an increase in free amino acids. The percentages of total free amino acids released from each bitter peptide fraction (subtilisin, papain and trypsin) by aminopeptidase digestion for 20 hr were approximately 11%, 8.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. Bitter peptide (α_s1-CN f91-100) was isolated from a tryptic hydrolysate of casein by HPLC, its threshold value of bitterness being 2.9 ppm (w/v). The peptide (α_s1-CN f96-100) obtained from the amino peptidase digestion of this bitter peptide showed no bitterness.     

日本水权体制中的水资源配置及管理

在日本,用水单位可自由使用取水设施,干旱季节水资源的合理配置就成为一个突出的问题.目前,日本的干旱季节会有多种用水分配分式.对于KOKAI河流域的水资源分配,水的配给制度沿用了传统的方式,即地形条件占有决定性的地位,没有特殊的手段去控制水资源的公平配置.而对于YAHAGI河流域的水资源分配,各用水单位建立了一个非政府的水资源配置委员会.尽管灌溉部门掌握用水优先权,但是在严重干旱期农民会将水资源转让给供水部门.     

COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGAR, LOW GEL STRENGTH AGAR AND GELATIN, AS SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD FOR PEOPLE WITH SWALLOWING DIFFICULTY

Low gel strength agar (LGSA), recently developed as a supplementary food for swallowing was compared with ordinary agar and gelatin. LGSA was developed to have physical properties close to that of gelatin, while keeping one property of agar, i. e. its setting temperature which can be controlled comparatively easier than gelatin. Each specimen was prepared with and without orange flavor. After determination of their basic properties, i. e. hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and gumminess, three samples of two flavors, six in all, were studied for ease of swallowing using electromyography and sensory evaluation, on middle age (40 to 60 years old) and senior age (60 to 70 years old) subjects. Those experiments revealed nearly the same results with all samples, except for a slight difference in gumminess in LGSA and gelatin. No significant difference in electromyograms were noted in six samples or with age of subjects. It is feasible to employ agar materials together with gelatin in institutions whose members have swallowing disorders.     

Determination of Hypoxanthine in Fish Meat with an Enzyme Sensor

An enzyme sensor specific for hypoxanthine (Hx) was developed using immobilized xanthine oxidase-membrane and an oxygen probe. Xanthine oxidase (E.C. 1.2.3.2.) was covalently immobilized on a membrane prepared from cellulose triacetate, 1,8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane, and glutaraldehyde. Hx is oxidized to uric acid by the immobilized enzyme, the output current of the oxygen probe decreasing due to oxygen consumption. A linear relationship was obtained between current decrease and Hx concentration in the range 0.06–1.5 mM. The enzyme sensor could be used for more than 100 assays without decrease of output current After 30-day-storage at 5°C, no remarkable decrease of output current was observed. The enzyme sensor system was applicable to the simple, rapid, and economical determination of Hx in several fish meats including sea bass, saurel, mackerel, yellowfish, and flounder.