化学镀Ni-P-Cr2O3和Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层的研究

本文对化学镀镍及化学镀镍磷基质中SiO2与Cr2O3的共沉积进行了研究.微粒在不断生长的膜层中共沉积引起了新的化学复合镀层的出现,这些复合镀层许多都具有优异的耐磨及耐蚀性能.通过选取镀层合金/复合微粒/金属基体的组分可改进镀层,获得所需的性能,以满足特别的需求.在对这些复合镀层的应用需求正在迫近与增长的同时,其市场正在迅速扩张.本文开发出了一种合适的复合化学镀镍液,并通过维氏硬度法对化学复合镀镍层进行了表征.采用动电位极化及交流阻抗法测定了镀层的Taber耐磨性能及耐蚀性能.采用SEM及XRD对复合镀层的表面形貌进行了分析.     

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR CHICKEN PATTIES MANUFACTURED WITH A COMBINATION OF SPENT HEN AND RABBIT MEAT

ABSTRACT

A comminuted chicken patty was produced using spent hen and rabbit meats at 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 ratios. The extenders/binders with whole liquid eggs (WLE) at 5, 10 and 15% and soy chunks at 3, 6 and 9%, respectively, were also used. The patties were evaluated for sensory, physicochemical and proximate quality and shelf life. The scores for all sensory attributes of patties stored at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1C) for 20 days decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while pH, thiobarbituric acid and tyrosine values increased significantly (P < 0.05). The patties formulated with WLE and soy chunks‐added patties were acceptable up to 20 days without any spoilage. A combination of 90:10 spent hen meat and rabbit meat formulated with either 10% WLE or 9% soy chunks resulted in the most desirable patties that scored maximum for sensory attributes and had better cooking yield, emulsion stability and physicochemical characteristics over all other combinations.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Meat from spent hens is usually tough and poor in functional properties but could be beneficially utilized through formulation of comminuted processed products. The process of comminution is proven to convert relatively tough and less juicy meat into processed meat products with desirable characteristics. Rabbit meat is rich in vitamin B complex, low in fat and cholesterol content and easily digestible. The protein value of domestic rabbit meat ranked superior over meat of other species being used for human consumption. Egg is a well‐known food additive and emulsifier that possesses nutritional, functional and emulsion properties. The functional properties of egg improve the physicochemical and sensory qualities of patties. In addition, the antimicrobial and antioxidative properties of egg components have been effectively utilized in formulation of meat products.     

Eu掺杂对LiNiPO_4导电性的影响(英文)

采用Pechini方法制备了掺杂Eu和未掺杂Eu的LiNiPO4化合物,通过热重分析和差热分析(TG/DTA)来确定LiNiPO4的生成温度。粉末X射线衍射谱证实所得到的化合物为具有正交结构的纯LiNiPO4。采用复合阻抗谱技术分析样品在不同的温度和频率下的电导率和模量谱。采用Almond和West公式计算导电性能参数,如离子跃迁频率、电荷载体浓度。掺杂1.0%Eu的LiNiPO4的离子电导率增加了一个数量级。电模量谱分析表明LiNiPO4化合物中存在非德拜类型的弛豫。     

Impact of FACTS devices on exercising market power in deregulated electricity market

In power system studies, congestion in transmission lines and utilization of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are closely associated. These devices are very important due to their role in power delivery system enhancement. It is to be noted that the generation companies can exercise their market power which depends on the line flows, line constraints, generators’ location and its share to the individual loads. This issue cannot be overlooked as it creates monopoliness which is against the deregulated market policy. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of market power when FACTS devices like thyristor controlled switching capacitor (TCSC) and thyristor controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR) are used under steady state operation. The market power is determined using nodal must-run share (NMRS) index for the standard IEEE 14-bus system with and without the above FACTS devices and the results obtained are compared. All the above simulations are conducted in a MATLAB 7.9-R2009b environment.     

洛神花纤维增强通用树脂复合物的力学性能及其化学镀镍金属化

洛神花纤维采用5％的氢氧化钠溶液处理后用于制备纤维增强型通用树脂复合物.对含不同纤维体积分数的复合物的拉伸行为进行研究后发现,其力学性能与传统复合物类似.复合物的抗拉强度随着纤维含量的增大而提高.采用化学镀镍工艺对复合物进行金属化后,其显微硬度是原来的7倍.     

化学镀Ni-P-石墨复合镀层的特性

与化学镀Ni-P镀层比较,化学镀Ni-P-石墨复合镀层的机械性能得到了改进,适合于工程方面的应用。Ni-P-石墨复合镀层是从含有硫酸镍、次磷酸镍、丁二酸、表面活性剂和稳定剂的镀液中制备的。当镀液中石墨含量为15g/L时,镀层中石墨的复合量最大。采用维氏硬度测试仪、泰伯磨耗实验机、交流阻抗和SEM等手段对复合了石墨颗粒的Ni-P化学镀层进行了测定,其硬度,耐磨、耐蚀性随镀层中石墨含量的增加而增强。     

Evaluation of misindexing of EBSD patterns in a ferritic steel

The systematic misindexing caused by pseudo‐symmetry Kikuchi diffraction patterns in automated Electron Backscatter Diffraction analysis has been studied in a 9Cr‐1Mo ferritic steel. Grains with its [1 1 1] directed towards detector centre were found to be prone to misindexing, and the solutions exhibit a relative orientation of ±30° and 60° about the common [1 1 1] axis (as compared to the true orientation). Fictitious boundaries were detected within such grains, which satisfy the Σ3 or Σ13b type coincidence site lattice boundary criteria. Misindexing rate was reduced with more than six detected bands, but 30° rotated solution was comparatively more persistent, as the additional bands of (3 1 0)‐type exhibited a nearly good pattern match. Increase in detector collection angle to 0.96 sr or number of detected bands to nine were found to be beneficial in preventing the misindexing problem.     

HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN A NONISOTHERMAL CONSTRAINED VAPOR BUBBLE

A Constrained Vapor Bubble (CVB) with a relatively large Bond number formed by partially underfilling liquid in an evacuated cavity is capable of high thermal conductance. Il operates on the principle of closed loop phase-change along with capillarity to circulate the working fluid. Analytical investigations were conducted to compare with existing experimental data. A steady-state fluid flow model combined with a two-dimensional heat transfer model was developed and solved to yield key operating parameters ( i.e., temperature and liquid meniscus curvature) of the CVB. The modeling results of the outside wall temperature in the evaporator were found to agree well with the measured experimental data. An area average heat transfer coefficient was used to characterize the heat transfer on the inside wall of the evaporator. The value of this heat transfer coefficient was found to increase with the heat flow rate. The fluid flow model with the heat transfer model in the evaporator to provide the energy balance was used successfully to fit the experimental curvature data. The mass flow rate in the bottom corners of the CVB was found to be higher than that in the top corners due to the gravitational body force.     

Development of processing maps for as-cast ZE41A magnesium alloy

The hot deformation behavior of as-cast ZE41A magnesium alloy was studied by employing both processing maps and microstructural observations. To obtain processing map, hot compression tests were performed over a range of strain rates (0.001-1.0 s-1) and temperatures (250-450 ℃). Power dissipation efficiency (η) and instability parameter [ξ (ε)] were evaluated and processing maps were developed for the strain of 0.5. The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and instable zones were identified and validated through micrographs. The processing maps can be used to select optimum strain rates and temperatures for effective hot working of the material.     

Fractionation and Properties of Sarcoplasmic Proteins from Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps): Influence on the Thermal Gelation Behavior of Washed Meat

ABSTRACT: The properties of total sarcoplasmic proteins from oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) have been assessed. Ammonium sulfate fractionation of total sarcoplasmic proteins yielded 5 different fractions. The UV-ab-sorption spectra of all 5 sarcoplasmic proteins fraction showed a peak in the wavelength range of 275 to 280 nm indicating aromatic amino acid residues in its composition. The SDS-PAGE of different fractions showed components in the molecular weight range of 97 to 29 kD. The thermal stability in the temperature range of 40° to 80 °C of different fractions were varied in nature. The flow profile of different fractions indicated pseudo-plastic behavior and minimum structural impairment for fraction V at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. The gelation profile of washed sardine meat in combination with different sarcoplasmic proteins fraction revealed fraction V could enhance the storage modulus values during heating regime.