Integration of well log analysis data with geochemical data to evaluate possible source rock. Case study from GM-ALEF-1 well,Ras Ghara oil Field,Gulf of Suez-Egypt

Well logging methodology in geochemical evaluation is an important technique not only for its usefulness as a quick scan of potential source rock, but also in its ability to identify the organic richness (TOC%) of these rocks. Wireline logs can be used to identify source rock intervals in the primary stage of well drilling. Consequently, the logs used for source rock evaluations and calculation of Total Organic Carbon most commonly include density, sonic, gamma ray, neutron and resistivity by using several methods.In this research, a suite of geophysical logs and geochemical data were applied for determining the Total Organic Carbon content (TOC) and compare them together, in addition to source rock evaluation of the study formation.Application of such techniques take place in one well GM-ALEF-1 well located in the Ras Ghara oil Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, represented by Miocene rock, Rudeis Formation. A calculated TOC is compared with the measured one from the LECO SC632 after that Rock-Eval pyrolysis data also used to evaluate the TOC content mainly, organic richness, types of kerogen, and thermal maturity.The results of comparison showed that the Petrophysical method using ΔlogR and the LECO and Rock-Eval pyrolysis techniques have produced close results for Total Organic Carbon content, Hence it can be used as a fast and efficient way to regard the intervals rich in organic matter, further step takes place and the reach interval of organic matter is evaluated geochemically shows that the shale in Rudeis formation have fair to good organic richness, it has the potential to produce type II/III kerogen. It is marginally mature to mature source rock. The expected generated hydrocarbon is fair oil source with some gas.     

A dynamic programming approach for minimizing the number of drawing stages and heat treatments in cylindrical shell multistage deep drawing

Deep drawing is an important sheet metal forming process that appears in many industrial fields. It involves pressing a blank sheet against a hollow cavity that takes the form of the desired product. Due to limitations related to the properties of the blank sheet material, several drawing stages may be needed before the required shape and dimensions of the final product can be obtained. Heat treatment may also be needed during the process in order to restore the formability of the material so that failure is avoided. In this paper, the problem of minimizing the number of drawing stages and heat treatments needed for the multistage deep drawing of cylindrical shells is addressed. This problem is directly related to minimizing manufacturing costs and lead time. It is required to determine the post-drawing shell diameters along with whether heat treatment is to be conducted after each drawing stage such that the aforementioned objectives are achieved and failure is avoided. Conventional computer-aided process planning (CAPP) rules are used to define the search space for a dynamic programming (DP) approach in which both the post-drawing shell diameter and material condition are used to define the states in the problem. By discretizing the range of feasible shell diameters starting from the initial blank diameter down to the final shell diameter, the feasible transitions from state to another is represented by a directed graph, based upon which the DP functional equation is easily defined. The DP generates a set of feasible optimized process plans that are then verified by carrying out finite element analysis in which the deformation severity and the resulting strains and thickness variations are investigated. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach. The results suggest that the proposed approach is a valuable, reliable and quick computer aided process planning approach to this complicated problem.     

Novel chlorhexidine dermal patches,preparation characterization and antimicrobial evaluation

Polymer Bulletin - The purpose of this work is to develop chlorhexidine dermal patches using Eudragit® RL100 as the patch forming polymer. Solvent casting technique was employed in the...     

Experimental and numerical study on the tensile,three-point-bending,and interlaminar fracture toughness of GLARE

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a special type of composite structure consisting of metal sheets bonded to composite laminas. The current study...     

Chiral Amine Synthesis – Recent Developments and Trends for Enamide Reduction,Reductive Amination,and Imine Reduction

The review examines the chiral amine literature from 2000–2009 (May) concerning enantioselective and diastereoselective methods for N‐acylenamide and enamine reduction, reductive amination, and imine reduction. The reaction steps for each strategy, from ketone to primary chiral amine, are clearly defined, with best methods and yields for starting material preparation and final deprotection noted. Categories of chiral amines have been defined in Section 1 to allow the reader to quickly understand whether their specific target amine falls within a difficult to synthesize, or not, structural class. Amino acids are not considered in this work.     

Tension and fatigue behavior of 316LVM 1 × 7 multi-strand cables used as implantable electrodes

The mechanical behavior of 316LVM 1 × 7 cables were evaluated in uniaxial tension and in cyclic strain-controlled fatigue with the use of a Flex tester operated to provide fully reversed bending fatigue. The magnitude of cyclic strains imparted to each cable tested was controlled via the use of different diameter mandrels. Smaller diameter mandrels produced higher values of cyclic strain and lower fatigue life. Multiple samples were tested and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The fatigue results were analyzed via a Coffin–Manson–Basquin approach and compared to fatigue data obtained from the literature where testing was conducted on similar materials, but under rotating bending fatigue conditions.