Stability of Cholesterol and Paprika Carotenoids in Egg Powders as Influenced by Dietary and Processing Treatments

The effects of dietary α-tocopherol and/or oleoresin paprika (OP) on cholesterol and carotenoid stability in egg powders during spray drying and subsequent storage were investigated. Cholesterol oxidation and loss of carotenoids in eggs dried with a direct gas-fired spray dryer were greater ( P< 0·05) than in eggs dried using an indirect (electric) heating system. Dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol acetate (200 mg kg⁻¹ feed) significantly increased ( P< 0·01) the oxidative stability of cholesterol and carotenoids in eggs dried with the direct heating system. Supplementation of OP (7·5 μg g⁻¹ egg lipids) through diet or by direct addition to liquid eggs did not affect the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPS) during storage. However, increased concentrations of OP in liquid eggs (15 and 30 μg g⁻¹ lipids) suppressed the formation of COPS during processing and subsequent storage.     

Deposition of Carotenoids in Eggs from Hens Fed Diets Containing Saponified and Unsaponified Oleoresin Paprika

Deposition of carotenoids in saponified paprika (SP) and unsaponified oleoresin paprika (OP) in egg yolks as well as the dietary level for desired pigmentation were evaluated. Sixty-four hens on a carotenoid-depletion diet were divided into two replicated groups of each of eight dietary treatments containing from 0 to 16 mg paprika carotenoids per kg feed. Colour and the carotenoid content of egg yolk increased linearly ( P< 0·01) with the amounts of paprika carotenoids in the diets. The colours of egg yolks from hens fed similar concentra-tions of OP or SP were not significantly different ( P< 0·01). A low dose (4 mg kg⁻¹) of OP or SP provided yolk colour equivalent to the colour of eggs in supermarkets. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses showed that carotenoids deposited in the yolk are in the free alcohol form, regardless of the form of carotenoids in the diet. Capsanthin, the predominant carotenoid in paprika, was deposited in egg yolk less efficiently than zeaxanthin and lutein.     

基于XML的Web数据模型

在对现有半结构化数据模型分析的基础上,针对这些模型作为Web数据模型的不足,提出一种新的基于XML的Web数据模型——XWDM,它主要解决了Web数据名称异构问题和查询回路问题。     

改性淀粉凝胶与三元复合驱体系的组合调驱研究

采用双层非均质岩心模型,将调剖和驱油结合,评价不同级差条件下8种开发方案提高采收率的效果。结果表明,岩心渗透率为30×10^-3/1000×10^-3μm²时,单独聚合物驱和三元驱使含水率下降约15%,采收率分别提高6.7%和8.3%。用改性淀粉凝胶封堵后,三元驱岩心含水率下降至44%,明显低于聚合物驱和水驱的最低含水率60%、70%,三元驱、聚合物驱及水驱采收率增幅分别为23.5%、19.2%和10.1%。三元驱能有效启动低渗层位,三元复合驱对低渗层位剩余油的开采效果明显好于聚合物驱。“改性淀粉凝胶体系+三元复合驱”组合调驱采收率增幅为40.4%,好于二者单独作用时的采收率增幅加和35.6%,并比“铬凝胶+三元复合驱”组合调驱采收率增幅高4.3个百分点。岩心渗透率为30×10^-3/2000×10^-3 μm²和30×10^-3/500×10^-3μm²时,“改性淀粉凝胶体系+三元复合驱”组合调驱采收率增幅分别为45.3%和34.4%,三元驱提高采收率25.1%和22.2%,油藏非均质性越严重,该组合调驱体系开采效果越好。     

Genetic-based fuzzy image filter and its application to image processing.

In this paper, we propose a Genetic-based Fuzzy Image Filter (GFIF) to remove additive identical independent distribution (i.i.d.) impulse noise from highly corrupted images. The proposed filter consists of a fuzzy number construction process, a fuzz filtering process, a genetic learning process, and an image knowledge base. First, the fuzzy number construction process receives sample images or the noise-free image and then constructs an image knowledge base for the fuzzy filtering process. Second, the fuzzy filtering process contains a parallel fuzzy inference mechanism, a fuzzy mean process, and a fuzzy decision process to perform the task of noise removal. Finally, based on the genetic algorithm, the genetic learning process adjusts the parameters of the image knowledge base. By the experimental results, GFIF achieves a better performance than the state-of-the-art filters based on the criteria of Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR), Mean-Square-Error (MSE), and Mean-Absolute-Error (MAE). On the subjective evaluation of those filtered images, GFIF also results in a higher quality of global restoration.     

Biogeochemical processes and microbial characteristics across groundwater-surface water boundaries of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River

Biogeochemical processes within riverbed hyporheic zones (HZ) can potentially impact the fate and transport of contaminants. We evaluated a modified freeze core technique for the collection of intact cobble-bed samples from the Columbia River HZ along a stretch of the Hanford Reach in Washington State and investigated microbiological and geochemical parameters of corresponding frozen and unfrozen samples. During three sampling periods (March, May, and November 2000), relatively high numbers of viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were recovered from both unfrozen (10(6)-10(7) cfu/g) and frozen samples (10(5)-10(6) cfu/g). Relatively large populations of sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing bacteria were present, and significant concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide were measured in some samples, indicating that anoxic regions exist within this zone. Cr(VI), a priority groundwater pollutant on adjacent U.S. Department of Energy lands, was probably removed from solution in HZ samples by a combination of microbial activity and chemical reduction, presumably via products of anaerobic microbial metabolism. These results suggest that biogeochemical processes in the Columbia River HZ may contribute to the natural attenuation of Cr(VI). Although freezing modestly diminished recovery of viable bacteria, freeze core techniques proved reliable for the collection of intact hyporheic sediments.     

Linear quadratic Nash game-based tracker for multiparameter singularly perturbed sampled-data systems: digital redesign approach

In this paper, a linear quadratic Nash game-based tracker for multiparameter singularly perturbed sample-data systems is developed. A generalized cross-coupled multiparameter algebraic Riccati equation (GCMARE) with two quadratic cost functions is solved by applying the LQR design methodology for the optimal tracker design. Firstly, the asymptotic expansions of the GCMARE are newly established, and the proposed algorithm is able to effectively solve the GCMARE with the quadratic convergence rate. Then, the low-gain digital controller with a high design performance is realized through the prediction-based digital redesign method. Finally, for further improving the tracking performance, the chaos-evolutionary-programming algorithm (CEPA) is utilized to optimally tune the parameters of the tracker. An example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

A three-dimensional open framework constructed by rod SBUs and T-shaped linkers

A metal-coordination polymer [Co₄(BPTC)₂(H₂0)₈]^.13H₂O (1, BPTC = 3,3′4,4′-benzophenone-tetracarboxylate) containing nano-sized channels was hydrothermally synthesized. It has remarkable 3D architecture generated by unique rod-shaped SBUs(SBUs = Secondary Building Units) linked up by T-shaped ligands and present a novel constructional strategy of 3D porous metal-organic framework. One-dimensional water pipes are formed in the channels, which further stabilize the 3D framework.     

A modified NARMAX model-based self-tuner with fault tolerance for unknown nonlinear stochastic hybrid systems with an input–output direct feed-through term

A modified nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) model-based state-space self-tuner with fault tolerance is proposed in this paper for the unknown nonlinear stochastic hybrid system with a direct transmission matrix from input to output. Through the off-line observer/Kalman filter identification method, one has a good initial guess of modified NARMAX model to reduce the on-line system identification process time. Then, based on the modified NARMAX-based system identification, a corresponding adaptive digital control scheme is presented for the unknown continuous-time nonlinear system, with an input–output direct transmission term, which also has measurement and system noises and inaccessible system states. Besides, an effective state space self-turner with fault tolerance scheme is presented for the unknown multivariable stochastic system. A quantitative criterion is suggested by comparing the innovation process error estimated by the Kalman filter estimation algorithm, so that a weighting matrix resetting technique by adjusting and resetting the covariance matrices of parameter estimate obtained by the Kalman filter estimation algorithm is utilized to achieve the parameter estimation for faulty system recovery. Consequently, the proposed method can effectively cope with partially abrupt and/or gradual system faults and input failures by the fault detection.     

直流电机在热量回收新风机中的应用

介绍在能量回收新风机中应用直流无刷电机的现实性和有效性。分析直流电机应用于新风机的原理。介绍直流电机和交流电机的特点分析表明无刷直流的新风机组在工作性能和运行费等方面的优点。