基于改进层次分析法的小水电生态环境影响评价

论文借鉴绿色小水电评价内容,选取了生态环境类别中的评价指标,对生态需水保障情况指标 涉及的生态流量核定、泄放设施、调度规则、监测设施和实际泄放满足程度 5个评判因子进行量化计算, 利用线性函数关系优化指标替代效应和减排效率的评分方法,在改进的层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）中采用了新 的五标度法,构建了基于改进层次分析法的小水电生态环境模糊综合评价模型。运用该模型对陕西省 汉中市褒河流域石门水电站进行实例研究,结果表明:石门电站运行中整体对生态环境影响的程度处于 Ⅱ级,对生态环境影响程度较小,符合该电站实际情况,以期为小水电生态环境影响评价研究提供参考。     

激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能

采用实验研究的方法，对激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金的力学性能进行了探讨。结果发现：和锻造件相比，激光快速成形沉积态Ti-6Al-4V合金的拉伸性能具有高强低塑特点和更显著的各向异性；成形试样的组织、氧含量和冶金缺陷都将影响到拉伸性能，其中组织的影响最显著，其次为氧含量和熔合不良缺陷：对于氧含量符合GJBGJB2921-1997标准的激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金，经固溶时效热处理后所获得的网篮组织综合性能最好，不论是强度指标还是塑性指标都高于锻件标准。     

In Situ Topochemical Transformation of ZnIn2S4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Diformylfuran

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) coupled H₂ production offers a promising approach to producing valuable chemicals. Herein, an efficient in situ topological transformation tactic is developed for producing porous O-doped ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheets for HMF oxidation cooperative with H₂ evolution. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM images show that the hierarchical porous O-ZIS-120 possesses abundant atomic scale edge steps and lattice defects, which is beneficial for electron accumulation and molecule adsorption. The optimal catalyst (O-ZIS-120) exhibits remarkable performance with 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) yields of 1624 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ and the selectivity of >97%, simultaneously with the H₂ evolution rate of 1522 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹. Mechanistic investigations through theoretical calculations show that O in the O-ZIS-120 lattice can reduce the oxidation energy barrier of hydroxyl groups of HMF. In situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) results reveal that DFF^* (C₄H₂(CHO)₂O^*) intermediate has a weak interaction with O-ZIS-120 and desorb as the final product. This study elucidates the topotactic structural transitions of 2D materials simultaneously with electronic structure modulation for efficient photocatalytic DFF production.     

Sandwiched Thin‐Film Anode of Chemically Bonded Black Phosphorus/Graphene Hybrid for Lithium‐Ion Battery

A facile vacuum filtration method is applied for the first time to construct sandwich‐structure anode. Two layers of graphene stacks sandwich a composite of black phosphorus (BP), which not only protect BP from quickly degenerating but also serve as current collector instead of copper foil. The BP composite, reduced graphene oxide coated on BP via chemical bonding, is simply synthesized by solvothermal reaction at 140 °C. The sandwiched film anode used for lithium‐ion battery exhibits reversible capacities of 1401 mAh g^?1 during the 200th cycle at current density of 100 mA g^?1 indicating superior cycle performance. Besides, this facile vacuum filtration method may also be available for other anode material with well dispersion in N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).     

陕西太白县被引水资源补偿标准分析

太白县是陕西省“引红济石”和“引湑济黑”两大调水工程的水源地,工程的引水必将对当地的社会经济发展带来一定的影响。因此,调水受益方需要对水源地进行一定的补偿。借鉴生态补偿标准计算方法,从水资源服务成本和水资源服务价值两个角度分析了太白县的水资源补偿标准。利用水资源服务成本法计算了水资源补偿标准;采用影子工程法、水质价值法和水量价值法计算了水资源服务价值。综合分析后确定的太白县水资源补偿标准介于水资源服务成本和水资源服务价值之间。可为类似调水工程的水资源补偿参考。     

135MW机组给水泵及其系统节能改造的研究与实践

对 1 35MW机组给水泵及其系统存在的泵运行效率低、出力不够、通流部分匹配不合理等问题进行了分析 ,提出了针对这些问题进行给水泵改造的主要技术措施。通过试验 ,选择了适当的给水泵设计参数 ;研究了给水泵的通流部件的最佳匹配 ;对叶轮和导叶型线进行了重新设计。最后分析了改造前后给水泵的性能比较、节能效果和经济效益     

工艺参数对激光快速成形TC4钛合金组织及成形质量的影响

通过改变激光快速成形过程中激光功率、扫描速度、搭接率、Z轴增量AZ等工艺参数，研究了各工艺参数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及成形质量的影响规律。结果表明：随着激光功率尸的提高，柱状晶的长度逐渐变短并转变为类似等轴晶的不规则晶粒；在相同的激光功率下，柱状晶的尺度随着激光扫描速度矿的增加变得细且长；当P／V值大于933W·s／mm时，晶粒呈现等轴晶形态。存在一个临界搭接率，当搭接率为30％时，成形件内部组织基本质量良好，只是在靠近基材区域有少量的熔合不良；如搭接率小于30％，两相邻熔覆道之间的搭接区将出现形状不规则的熔合不良现象。另外，△Z过小会造成重熔深度变大，层与层的结合处组织粗大；△Z过大时会造成层间熔合不良。     

外贴纤维加固梁CFRP与混凝土粘结性能的试验研究

FRP与混凝土之间的粘结性能是控制外贴FRP加固混凝土结构成败的关键,在外贴CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁试验中,在纯弯段内沿CFRP受力方向连续粘贴了应变片,进行了CFRP与混凝土的粘结性能的试验研究,并在试验数据的基础上分析了CFRP应变以及粘结剪应力的发展和沿粘结长度的分布规律。研究结果表明初始裂缝的存在对粘结性能的影响主要表现在加载初期和裂缝附近的局部范围。     

Synthesis of Pt and Pd nanosheaths on multi-walled carbon nanotubes as potential electrocatalysts of low temperature fuel cells

Pt and Pd nanosheaths are successfully synthesized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the non-covalent poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) functionalization and seed-mediated growth methods. In this method, negatively charged Pt or Pd metal precursors are self-assembled with positively charged PDDA-functionalized MWCNTs, forming uniformly distributed Pt or Pd nanoseeds on MWCNTs supports. The contiguous and highly porous Pt and Pd nanosheath structured catalysts are then formed by the seed-mediated growth in corresponding metal precursors using ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. The essential role of uniformly dispersed Pt and Pd nanoseeds on PDDA-MWCNTs is demonstrated. The results indicate that both Pt and Pd nanosheaths show an enhanced catalytic activity for the methanol and formic acid oxidation reaction in acid solution, respectively, as compared with conventional Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts. The enhanced activities are most likely due to the reduced oxophilicity, which results in a weakened chemisorption energy with oxygen-containing species such as CO_ad, and the increased reactive sites due to the large number of grain boundaries of the Pt and Pd nanosheath structured electrocatalysts.     

矩阵范数的应用——矩阵方程解的误差估计

设有矩阵方阵 AX=B,其中 A、B 是 n×n 的复矩阵,当 A、B 都有摄动矩阵或 A、B中的一个有摄动矩阵时,本文应用矩阵范数对矩阵方程 AX=B 的解的误差都作出估计。