Utilizing Radiant Nanoparticles in Silicon for Balanced White Color Adapters

Silicon - This work fully depends on the silicon nanoparticles. It is represented as SiNPs. This depends on the transparent LEDs color converters. The spectrum obtained is fully white, so it is...     

Blend membranes of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) in pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran

Blend membranes of a natural polymer, chitosan, with a synthetic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were prepared by solution casting and crosslinked with a urea formaldehyde/sulfuric acid (UFS) mixture. Chitosan was used as the base component in the blend system, whereas PVA concentration was varied from 20 to 60 wt %. Blend compatibility was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study membrane crosslinking. Membranes were tested for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 30°C in close proximity to their azeotropic compositions. Membrane performance was assessed by calculating flux and selectivity. Swelling experiments performed in water + organic mixtures at 30°C were used to explain the pervaporation results. The blend membrane containing 20 wt % PVA when tested for 5 and 10 wt % water–containing THF and isopropanol feeds exhibited selectivity of 4203 and 17,991, respectively. Flux increased with increasing concentration of water in the feed. Selectivity was highest for the 20 wt % PVA‐containing blend membrane. The results of this study are unique in the sense that the crosslinking agent used—the UFS mixture—was novel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1918–1926, 2007     

Influence of iron doping towards the physicochemical and biological characteristics of hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite and the most studied material as a bone substituent. Considering HAP's inherent properties, this study explored changes in HAP's characteristics from doping with other metals such as Fe. To form pure HAP and Fe-HAP with different amounts of Fe, we used the hydrothermal approach, and the composites that formed were thoroughly analyzed for their crystallinity, surface bonding, morphology, magnetic behavior, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and in vitro cytotoxicity. The powder XRD studies confirmed the samples' crystallinity, and the lowest crystalline size was 19.7 nm in 10Fe-HAP. The FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of HAP by the hydroxyl, phosphate, and carbonate groups. The FESEM demonstrated that the morphology of the pure HAP was rod-shaped, which transformed into spheres after Fe doping. The EDS analysis confirmed the successful formation of HAP and Fe-HAP composites. The magnetic studies indicated the diamagnetic behavior of the pure HAP, while the Fe-doped HAPs had a superparamagnetic nature with saturation magnetizations (M_s) of 2Fe-HAP, 4Fe-HAP, and 10Fe-HAP at 0.0062, 0.0092, and 0.029 emu/g respectively. Assessment of the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxicity indicated that the Fe-doped HAPs were superior to the pure HAP, and among the Fe-HAPs, the 10Fe-HAP) had the highest amount of Fe and the best characteristics. The studies also indicated that Ca²⁺ interactions influenced the cells via HAP doping with that of Fe, equally increasing the physicochemical and biological properties.     

Project Oriented Problem Based Learning: A Wireless Sensor Network Perspective

Every nation rely on latest engineering technologies to foster in today’s technological era. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is one of the latest emerging technologies being the center of interest of today’s researchers. All the researchers work hard to produce quick deliverables through Research and Development (RandD) and by applying different learning pedagogues. Currently, the learning pedagogues in Engineering RandD are Project Based Learning and Problem Based Learning (PBL). Based on these pedagogues, this paper propose and implements a hybrid pedagogy called Project Oriented PBL (PO-PBL) which is time effective and result oriented learning pedagogy. It has resulted in providing impetus to RandD in WSNs. Further the proposed pedagogy is divided into two paradigms namely PO-PBL Macro Model and PO-PBL Micro Model. We observed that PO-PBL Macro Model results in optimal number of deliverables in time restricted manner over large scale. Moreover, we have also implemented PO-PBL Micro Model, compared it with PO-PBL Macro Model and propose PO-PBL Micro Model as basis for designing self-learning algorithm for WSNs devices.     

Two level security for medical images using watermarking/encryption algorithms

In this article, an attempt is made to provide two level securities for medical images using watermarking and encryption. Watermarking provides security and encryption, authenticates medical image and provides integrity. Watermarking is performed by using a new nontensor product wavelet filter banks, which have the ability to reveal singularities in different directions. Natural image is taken as the original image and the medical image is taken as a watermark image. The medical image is embedded into the LH sub band of the natural image. The encryption is performed by RSA, AES, and RC4 algorithms. A qualitative comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm is done for different encryption methods. The proposed algorithm has the ability to withstand different attacks like noise, rotation, contrast, and brightness attacks. Performance analysis is made by calculating PSNR, SSIM, NC, and CV.     

Recovering Internet service sessions from operating system failures

Current Internet service architectures lack support for salvaging stateful client sessions when the underlying operating system fails due to hangs, crashes, deadlocks, or panics. The backdoors (BD) system is designed to detect such failures and recover service sessions in clusters of Internet servers by extracting lightweight state associated with client service sessions from server memory. The BD architecture combines hardware and software mechanisms to enable accurate monitoring and remote healing actions, even in the presence of failures that render a system unavailable.     

On the nature and structure of ‘niobic acid’. Part IV: Formation of sulphatoniobates(V) and the properties of isopolyniobic acid produced therefrom

Formation of sulphatoniobates can be considered as resulting from the high temperature acid-base reaction of isopolyniobic acid and sulphur trioxide. The nature of attachment of the SO₃ group has been adjudged from the properties of the available atomic orbitals on the oxygen atoms of H₈Nb₆O₁₉. The hydrolysis of the sulphatoniobates and the nature and properties of the resulting isopolyniobic acid has been explained. The possible way of stabilisation of the sulphatoniobates and their proper nomenclature have been discussed.