Expression of the active form of MMP-2 on the surface of leukemic cells accounts for their in vitro invasion

Antibodies reactive with peptide epitopes on the core protein of MUC1 epithelial mucin have been demonstrated in some patients with adenocarcinomas. Because these epitopes can be exposed on MUC1 in the serum of healthy women, we measured concentrations of MUC1-reactive antibodies in the serum of healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women, and in patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Antibodies were measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilising a synthetic peptide corresponding to a 105-amino-acid segment of the MUC1 tandem repeat region (5.25 repeats). MUC1-reactive antibodies were always of an IgM isotype and concentrations were highest in young healthy women and declined progressively with age (P=0.0006) concomitantly with increasing serum MUC1 levels (P=0.003). Regardless of age, antibody levels were lower in cancer patients than in healthy women (P<0.0001), but MUC1 levels were much higher in cancer patients (P<0.0001). Although high antibody levels were associated with greater survival in ovarian cancer (P=0.015), multivariate regression analysis showed that this was not a significant independent prognostic indicator after consideration of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histological type, serum MUC1 levels and age. Serial measurement of MUC1 and MUC1 antibodies during treatment in 18 patients with ovarian cancer and throughout pregnancy in 10 women showed a negative correlation between alterations in MUC1 and MUC1 antibodies. These results show that MUC1-peptide-reactive antibodies are present in the serum of healthy women and women with cancer and that they probably form immune complexes with MUC1, but provide no evidence for an augmentation of the humoral immune response to MUC1 in ovarian cancer     

Effects of turbulence and lubricant inertia on dynamics of journal bearings lubricated with molten zinc in a galvanizing process

In a galvanizing process a continuous sheet of steel is passed through a bath of molten zinc around a series of rotating rollers. One or more of these rollers are submerged in the bath of molten zinc and are supported by journal bearings that are lubricated with molten zinc. Dynamic characteristics of these bearings influence the quality of the finished galvanized sheet and also determine the production speed. This work presents a theoretical study of these bearings in terms of the damping, stiffness, and inertia coefficients of the film of molten zinc separating the journal from the bearings. This work also addresses the influence of turbulence on the bearing dynamics. The damping, stiffness, and inertia coefficients of journal bearings lubricated with molten zinc are determined for different zinc alloys at 450,650, and 850 °F.     

ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING OF CURVILINEAR SURFACES

In this work a theoretical analysis of the ECM process of curvilinear surfaces has been presented. The purpose of this analysis is to predict the shape evolution of the machined object using: a shaping surface of small thickness (flat issue) and a blade of hydrodynamic machine (quasi-three dimensional issue). ECM modeling involves prediction of the machined surface shape evolution and distribution of physical-chemical parameters inside the interelectrode gap. The problem has been solved with the use of an equation of the electrolyte and hydrogen mixture (liquid and gas) flat flow inside the interelectrode gap. After introducing simplifying assumptions for the flow, void fraction distribution and the gap thickness, the equations were solved partly analytically, partly numerically. The obtained solutions for assigned parameters of the machining process are presented graphically in the form of distributions of: static pressure, the mixture flow rate, temperature, void fraction and evolution of the machined surface shape evolution.     

Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenols Content in Chips by Raman and IR Spectroscopy

The application of vibrational spectroscopy for the determination of total polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, colour parameters, and fat level in chips originated from yellow-, red- and purple-fleshed potato varieties is reported. Raman, infrared (IR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the laboratory-prepared chips were collected. Combining spectral data with the results of reference analyses, partial least squares regression models were built. To characterise and compare the elaborated models, the relative standard errors of prediction were calculated for calibration and validation sets. In the case of total phenolics quantification by Raman/IR/NIR techniques, these errors (%) amounted to 4.0/7.0/7.1 and 6.4/8.5/8.4 for calibration and validation samples, respectively, whereas they were 4.9/7.7/4.8 and 6.6/8.3/6.8 for antioxidant activity. The obtained results demonstrate that both infrared and Raman spectroscopy can effectively replace commonly used extraction methods. It follows that Raman spectroscopy has the highest potential to be adopted for the online potato-derived product analysis.     

Book Review Essayists: David Sawicki

The Elusive City/Five Centuries of Design, Ambition, and Miscalculation (Jonathan Barnett. Harper and Row, New York, 1986. 212 pp. $23.50) is a concise and highly edited account of the development of the city from the Renaissance to the present with particular emphasis on how changing theories and practices of urban design have relevance today.

Goodbye History, Hello Hamburger/An Anthology of Architectural Delights and Disasters (Ada Louise Huxtable. The Preservation Press, Washington, DC, 1986. 206 pp. $14.95 paperback) brings together 61 pieces written for the New York Times between 1963 and 1976 by the Pulitzer Prize winner who became the best known journalistic critic of architecture in the post-war years.

The Critical Edge/Controversy in Recent American Architecture (edited by Tod Marder. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985. 203 pp. $25.00) is a collection of 15 essays on (what one group of critical observers believe to be) controversial buildings “in order to gain some understanding of the architectural concerns of the period” 1970–1985.

Court and Garden/From the French Hotel to the City of Modern Architecture (Michael Dennis. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986. 274 pp. $40.00) is a history of the evolution of a particular building type, the French “hotel” (or more accurately the large French town house) and the accompanying change of perception of public and private urban space which so radically affected modern architecture and its accompanying urbanism.

The Urban Design Process: Harnid Shirvani. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1985. 214 pp. $25.00 (paperback).

Urban Design in Action: The History, Theory and Development of the American Institute of Architects' Regional/Urban Design Assistance Teams Program (R/UDAT) Peter Batchelor and David Lewis, editors. Vol. 29, School of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 1986. 275 pp. $25.00 (paperback).

Fundamentals of Urban Design Richard Hedrnan. Planners Press, Washington, DC, 1984. 146 pp. $28.95 (paperback).

Built for Change: Neighborhood Architecture in San Francisco: Anne Vernez Moudon. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986. 286 pp. $30.00

Housing, the State and the Poor: Policy and Practice in Three Latin American Cities. Alan Gilbert and Peter M. Ward. Cambridge Latin American Studies. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1986. 319 pp. $44.50.

Reaching the Urban Poor: Project Implementation in Developing Countries. C. Shabbir Cheema, editor. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1986. 264 pp. $25.00 (paperback).

Planning the Capitalist City: The Colonial Era to the 1920s Richard E. Foglesong. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1986. 286 pp. $25.00.

Quantitative Methods for Planning and Urban Studies Barry J. Simpson. Gower Publishing Co., Hampshire, England, 1985. 166 pp. $38.95.

Land Supply Monitoring: A Guide for Improving Public and Private Urban Development Decisions David R. Godschalk, Scott A. Bollens, John S. Hekman, and Mike E. Miles. A Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Book. Oelgeschlager, Cunn and Hain, Boston, MA, 1986. 224 pp. $35.00.

International Handbook of land Use Planning Nicholas N. Patricios, editor. Greenwood Press, New York, 1986. 679 pp. $95.00.

Critical Perspectives on Housing Rachel G. Bratt, Chester Hartman, and Ann Meyerson, editors. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1986. 686 pp. $34.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paperback).

Housing Finance and Public Policy: Cases and Supplementary Readings Michael A. Stegman. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1986. 290 pp. $37.95 (paperback).

The Federal Government and Urban Housing: Ideology and Change in Public Policy R. Allen Hays. State University of New York Press, Albany, 1985. 297 pp. $39.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paperback).

The Housing Outlook 1980–1990 William C. Apgar, Jr., et. al. Praeger, New York, 1985. 178 pp. $28.95.

Housing an Aging Society: Issues, Alternatives, and Policy Robert J. Newcomer, M. Powell Lawton, and Thomas O. Byerts, eds. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1986. 246 pp. $39.95.

Management of local Public Works Sam M. Cristofano and William S. Foster, editors. International City Management Association in cooperation with the American Public Works Association, Washington, 1986. 402 pp. $37.95.

Fighting Poverty: What Works and What Doesn't Sheldon H. Danziger and Daniel H. Weinberg, editors. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986. 418 pp. $27.50.

Technology, Regions, and Policy John Rees, editor. Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa, NJ, 1986. 322 pp. $36.95.

Advanced Industrial Development: Restructuring, Relocation, Renewal Donald A. Hicks. Oelgeschlager, Cunn and Hain, Boston, MA, 1985. 321 pp. $30.00.

Silicon Valley Fever: Growth of High-Technology Culture Everett M. Rogers and Judith K. Larsen. Basic Books, New York, 1986 (1984). 302 pp. $9.95 (paperback).

Profit Cycles, Oligopoly, and Regional Development Ann Markusen. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985. 357 pp. $25.00.

Technological Change, Industrial Restructuring, and Regional Development A. Amin and J. B. Goddard, editors. Allen and Unwin, London, 1986. 291 pp. $20.00.

Metropolitan America: Urban Life and Urban Policy in the United States, 1940-1980 Kenneth Fox. University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 1986. 268 pp. $27.50.

A Comparable Worth Primer Steven L. Willborn. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, 1986. 120 pp. $18.00.

The Economics of Comparable Worth Mark Aldrich and Robert Buchele. Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge, MA, 1986. 180 pp. $29.95.

The Small Community: Foundation of Democratic Life Arthur E. Morgan. Yellow Springs Community Service, Yellow Springs, OH, 1942. (Reprinted, with a new foreword by Donald S. Harrington.) 313 pp. 310.00 (paperback).     

从PCB和IC设计领域管理信号完整性

如果你考察我们试图用来获得应力模型或者类似模型的那些“邦迪”式(凑合)的方法,就会发现它可做不到有章可循。这就是为什么我们要花费更多的精力来试图确定需要何种模型,并判断哪种模型将为人们所接受。有待解决的最大的一个问题是,是否继续对器件的曲线来作假设,或者设法从一个确定性光刻的角度来推进问题的解决。EDA行业现在不再对模型采取消极的态度。现在,如果我们得不到所需要的东西,我们的过错将与模型的提供者一样严重。在研究90nm技术并迈向65nm节点的过程中,会出现两个层次上的信号完整性问题。在第一个层面上,你必须在数字域…     

The Uneven Rate of the Molecular Evolution of Gene Sequences of DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase I of the Genus Lamium L

RNA polymerase type I (plastid-encoded polymerase, PEP) is one of the key chloroplast enzymes. However, the rpo genes that encode its subunits (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1 and rpoC2) are relatively rapidly evolving sequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of the molecular evolution of rpo genes and to evaluate them as phylogenetic markers on the example of the genus Lamium L. (Lamiaceae). The analyzed genes were shown to differ in the level of variation, rate of intragenic mutations, phylogenetic informativeness, and in the impact of these mutations on the properties of encoded peptides. Destabilizing effects of the positive pressure were observed in all genes examined coding for PEP enzyme. We have demonstrated the relationship between mutations fixed by positive selection and the separation of phylogenetic lines within the genus Lamium. The study showed also that the rpo genes were reliable phylogenetic markers, useful in the reconstruction of interconnections of species belonging to the same genus. Of the four tested genes, the most promising phylogenetic marker was rpoA gene, while the least useful gene appeared to be rpoC1.