A reinjection experiment has been conducted in an attempt to sustain reservoir pressure and steam production and to extract remaining heat energy in the superheated reservoir in the Matsukawa vapor-dominated geothermal field. This experiment was undertaken because the increase in superheat of produced steam and the decline of steam production are the current major issues for stable operation of the power plant. Almost all the reinjected fluid into well MR 1 was recovered from well M5, and the steam production of well M5 has increased by approximately 67%. 相似文献
This is an experimental economics research on human behaviour in “small decision making”. I set up ambiguity treatments in which there are two states of nature: a favourable state and an unfavourable state, but only one of them obtains on any given trial. The decision makers’ basic task is a binary choice between a risky option with higher expected value and a riskless option with lower expected value. The one-person game is iterated hundreds of times. Experimental results are reported with several findings, such as underweighting of rare events and deviations from expected value maximisation. Finally, I investigate the imperfect Bayesian decision makers observed in the experiments by exploring to what extent they can update prior probabilities and reflect it in making decisions.
A continuous Si-Ti-C-O fibre with 12 wt% oxygen content, which is lower than the usual 18 wt% found in the normal fibres, was synthesized by using polytitanocarbosilane which has fewer Si-Si bonds than the usual precursor polymer. The density, tensile strength, tensile modulus and thermal conductivity were found to be 2.37 g cm–3, 3.4±0.3 GPa, 190±10 GPa and 1.40 W m–1 K–1, respectively. Amongst these properties, the tensile modulus was improved by 20 GPa and the thermal conductivity had a higher value in comparison with that of the ordinary Si-Ti-C-O fibre with 18 wt% oxygen content. The Si-Ti-C-O fibre with a 12 wt% oxygen content has a better heat resistance above 1400 °C in an argon atmosphere and 1300 °C in air, than the usual fibre. About 60 and 40% of its tensile strength at room temperature were retained in air at respectively, 1500 and 1600 °C. This improved ceramic fibre is considered to be useful as a reinforcing material for advanced composites such as high-temperature ceramic matrix composites and metal matrix composites. 相似文献
Estimating technological progress of emerging technologies such as renewables and clean coal technologies becomes important for designing low carbon energy systems in future and drawing effective energy policies. Learning curve is an analytical approach for describing the decline rate of cost and production caused by technological progress as well as learning. In the study, a bottom-up energy-economic model including an endogenous technological learning function has been designed. The model deals with technological learning in energy conversion technologies and its spillover effect. It is applied as a feasibility study of clean coal technologies such as IGCC (Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle) and IGFC (Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell System) in Japan. As the results of analysis, it is found that technological progress by learning has a positive impact on the penetration of clean coal technologies in the electricity market, and the learning model has a potential for assessing upcoming technologies in future. 相似文献
The purpose of this study is to investigate the vascular wall with a thermally self-regulating, cylindrical stent made of a low Curie temperature ferromagnetic alloy. Physiologic saline was circulated in the silicone model vessel implanted with the stent. The stent-temperature remained nearly constant for variable saline flows, saline temperatures, and magnetic flux densities. Stent implants of this type in human blood vessels could potentially enable thermotherapy and temperature determination without catheterization. 相似文献
A comparative study has been carried out regarding selective embedding growth of InP by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
(MOCVD) around dry-etched mesas, using two types of reactors: a conventional horizontal type and a highspeed rotating-susceptor
type. In the case of the conventional horizontal-type MOCVD, overgrowth on the mask was observed when the growth temperature
was low (600°C). On the other hand, an almost planar grown surface without such overgrowth was achieved by using the high-speed
rotating-susceptor MOCVD for a wide range of growth temperatures, especially even at a low growth temperature of 580°C. Regarding
the high-speed rotating-susceptor MOCVD, we have also investigated the effects of dopants on the growth behaviors and have
found a remarkable difference between n-type S-doped and p-type Zn-doped InP in the growth behaviors. The mechanism for suppressing
overgrowth in case of the high-speed rotating-susceptor MOCVD, as well as the cause for the different effects between the
dopants, are discussed. 相似文献
Direct hydroxylation of aromatic compounds was effectively achieved by using a newly developed Pd membrane reactor in which the Pd membrane is thin enough (ca. 1 μm) to allow permeation of hydrogen below 500 K. In this reactor, the active oxygen species is formed on the surface of Pd via the reaction between oxygen and permeated hydrogen from opposite sides of the membrane. Hydroxylation occurs on the surface of Pd via reaction of the aromatic compound and active oxygen. In the reaction of benzene at a reaction temperature of 423 K, the reactor achieved a benzene conversion of 15% and a phenol selectivity of 95%. An increase in reaction temperature, however, caused simultaneous hydrogenation. In the reaction of methyl benzoate, the reaction products were not only methyl salicylate, which is a hydroxylation product, but also numerous hydrogenation and oxidation compounds via side reactions. These side reactions were related to the gas balance between oxygen and hydrogen; oxygen-rich conditions caused complete oxidation, whereas oxygen-poor conditions (i.e., high amount of permeated hydrogen) induced high hydrogenation activity. 相似文献
An empirical Bayes method for a gamma regression model with a slope parameter β common through multiple strata is proposed and examined. Assuming that the number of strata is fairly large, we attempt to modify a usual empirical Bayes method so as to yield an improved estimator of β. Such a modification is necessary to pursue compromise between Bayesian and frequentist approaches. Simulation studies strongly support superiority of the proposed estimator over the maximum likelihood estimator. A test for β=0 is also discussed. To show large difference between the two estimates, an illustrative example is given. 相似文献