We describe a CMOS multichannel transceiver that transmits and receives 10 Gb/s per channel over balanced copper media. The transceiver consists of two identical 10-Gb/s modules. Each module operates off a single 1.2-V supply and has a single 5-GHz phase-locked loop to supply a reference clock to two transmitter (Tx) channels and two receiver (Rx) channels. To track the input-signal phase, the Rx channel has a clock recovery unit (CRU), which uses a phase-interpolator-based timing generator and digital loop filter. The CRU can adjust the recovered clock phase with a resolution of 1.56 ps. Two sets of two-channel transceiver units were fabricated in 0.11-/spl mu/m CMOS on a single test chip. The transceiver unit size was 1.6 mm /spl times/ 2.6 mm. The Rx sensitivity was 120-mVp-p differential with a 70-ps phase margin for a common-mode voltage ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 V. The evaluated jitter tolerance curve met the OC-192 specification. 相似文献
The catalytic activity of KGa-priderite, K1.6Ga1.6Ti6.4O16, and its related compound KGa8Ga9Ti15O56 was investigated for the selective reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) with propylene (C3H6) in the presence of high oxygen concentrations. The KGa-priderite showed significant activity during this reaction, but the related compound showed only a little activity. These compounds are quite different from the conventional catalysts for NOx selective reduction and are characterized by the fact that their properties are free from the effects of solid acidity and support metals. This difference was attributable to the NO desorption rate at the surface of these compounds. It has become clear that the KGa-priderite catalyst remarkably adsorbed NO, and it is suggested that the amount of NO adsorbed and the amount of catalytic activity are able to be increased by the design of priderite structure. 相似文献
A reinjection experiment has been conducted in an attempt to sustain reservoir pressure and steam production and to extract remaining heat energy in the superheated reservoir in the Matsukawa vapor-dominated geothermal field. This experiment was undertaken because the increase in superheat of produced steam and the decline of steam production are the current major issues for stable operation of the power plant. Almost all the reinjected fluid into well MR 1 was recovered from well M5, and the steam production of well M5 has increased by approximately 67%. 相似文献
Human leukemic cell line K562 is induced to differentiate into the megakaryocytic lineage by stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We demonstrate here that TPA stimulation increases tyrosine phosphorylation of an 80-kDa protein at an early stage of megakaryocytic differentiation and that this 80-kDa protein is identical with cortactin. Since tyrosine kinase Syk was activated by TPA stimulation, we examined the possibility that cortactin is a potential substrate of Syk in K562 cells. TPA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin was decreased profoundly by overexpression of dominant-negative Syk. Furthermore, cortactin was associated with Syk even before TPA stimulation. Since cortactin was previously referred as an 80/85-kilodalton pp60src substrate, we examined the association between Src and cortactin, whereas its association could not be detected. These data suggest that Syk phosphorylates cortactin in K562 cells upon TPA treatment. 相似文献
A broadband power meter calibration system based on a newly constructed coaxial calorimeter has been developed in the frequency region 10 MHz-40 GHz. The RF power is measured as the difference of DC power supplied to the calorimeter built-in heater in the RF load, when RF is turned off and on, holding an isothermal control between the RF load and a temperature reference. To minimize the error due to the adiabatic coaxial waveguide, we devised a new method utilizing its output port as a test port. The evaluations showed a calibration uncertainty of (0.28-2.2)% expressed by one standard deviation at the 1 mW level in the full band 相似文献
This is an experimental economics research on human behaviour in “small decision making”. I set up ambiguity treatments in which there are two states of nature: a favourable state and an unfavourable state, but only one of them obtains on any given trial. The decision makers’ basic task is a binary choice between a risky option with higher expected value and a riskless option with lower expected value. The one-person game is iterated hundreds of times. Experimental results are reported with several findings, such as underweighting of rare events and deviations from expected value maximisation. Finally, I investigate the imperfect Bayesian decision makers observed in the experiments by exploring to what extent they can update prior probabilities and reflect it in making decisions.
Rabbits can be infected with human retroviruses such as human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and provide useful animal models to study retroviral diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia and HIV. Previously we have succeeded in generating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against rabbit CD4, CD5 and CD11a antigens. To make this animal species more amenable to cellular and molecular studies, we have attempted to extend the panel of mAbs against rabbit CD antigens. Here we report on the generation of three neutralizing mAbs against interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2R alpha) (CD25), Kei-alpha 1 (IgG2b), Kei-alpha 2 (IgG2a) and Kei-alpha 3 (IgG1). They specifically recognize the rabbit Mr 55,000 IL-2 binding protein, IL-2R alpha, and completely inhibit both high- and low-affinity IL-2 binding to F648b cells that express IL-2R alpha as well as IL-2R beta. The use of mAb Kei-alpha 1 confirmed that the rabbit IL-2R alpha is not only a low-affinity IL-2R on its own but also an essential component of high-affinity IL-2R as found in other animal species, and that rabbit activated T cells including HTLV-1-transformed cell lines express high levels of the IL-2R alpha. Together with mAbs against various rabbit CD antigens that we reported previously, these neutralizing mAbs to IL-2R alpha will be valuable for studies of human retrovirus infections, such as those induced by HTLV-1 or HIV, in rabbits. 相似文献
A dc brushless motor is a kind of synchronous motor driven by an inverter and requires sensors to detect the rotor position. As one of the methods, the induced voltages of a brushless motor have been utilized in practice. However, there are some problems in this method, e.g., the motor can obtain insufficient torque due to the low induced voltages in a low-speed range. This paper proposes a new method which controls the inverter angular frequency ω1 by using inherent characteristics wherein the torque current ir is almost proportional to the internal phase angle φ where the primary flux of a synchronous motor is controlled to be constant. If the parameters of a motor are given exactly, the speed regulation is quite small and the transient characteristics with high response and high starting torque are obtained. Furthermore, it is possible to operate a synchronous motor in the field-weakening range. Here, the principle of the control method and the performance characteristics of a dc brushless motor having no position sensors are discussed. The simulation and the experimental results of the tested machine show that the proposed method is very useful for practical applications. 相似文献