A technique of minilaparotomy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy

PURPOSE: To report a patient with acute retinal pigment epitheliitis examined less than 24 hours after onset of symptoms. METHOD: One day after the onset of blurred vision in her left eye, a 33-year-old woman had a best-corrected visual acuity of LE, 20/60 -2. The left eye had classic uniform golden-colored nodules in a honeycomb pattern in the foveal retinal pigment epithelium. Intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography disclosed staining of the foveal pigment epithelium. RESULTS: One month after initial examination, visual acuity was LE, 20/20, and fine subfoveal pigmentary clumping was present. CONCLUSION: The pigmentary maculopathy of acute retinal pigment epitheliitis may be nonspecific, resulting from more than one type of primary foveal inflammation.     

Room temperature pulsed operation of 1.5 μm GaInAsP/InPvertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Room-temperature pulsed operation of a GaInAsP/InP vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diode (VCSELD) with an emission wavelength near 1.55 μm is reported. A double heterostructure with a 34-pair GaInAsP (λ_g=1.4 μm)/InP distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The measured reflectivity of the semiconductor DBR is over 97% and threshold current is 260 mA for a 40-μmφ device with a 0.88-μm-thick active layer. Threshold current density is as low as 21 kA/cm² at room temperature     

Immobilization of multicopper oxidase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum onto an electrospun-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube surface via a carbon-nanotube-binding peptide for biocathode

Biofuel cells (BFCs) that produce electrical energy from organic resources through enzymatic reactions have been attracting significant attention. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their modification on the electrode surface of a BFC is expected to increase the current, and their high specific surface area may be useful in increasing the power output. Previously, we constructed a biocathode by immobilizing multicopper oxidase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum (McoP) with a carbon nanotube binding peptide (CBP) sequence on the CNTs. This resulted in higher current densities than when using enzymes without CBP sequences. However, owing to the randomly stacked CNTs on the surface of the electrodes, their conductive properties were impaired and performance as biocathodes was poor. Herein, we constructed a biocathode in which single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) were oriented one-dimensionally and McoP is immobilized on the surface of an SWNCT via CBP. The current density was successfully increased by two-fold by orienting the CNTs and orienting and immobilizing McoP on their surfaces. This technology provides insights into the development of biodevices with controlled orientation of both the SWCNTs and enzymes immobilized on their surfaces.     

Boronic acid‐based thin films that show saccharide‐responsive multicolor changes

A novel saccharide sensor that displays a distinct color change resembling a “traffic signal” was developed. By copolymerizing boronic acid and amine monomers on a glass plate, a boronic acid‐containing thin film was obtained. Anionic blue and yellow dyes were adsorbed on the thin film, and the film was immersed in aqueous saccharide solutions containing a cationic red dye. With increase in the saccharide concentration in the solution, the thin film changes color from green to red via yellow. The observed distinct changes in color were attributed to a stepwise release and binding of dyes. The sensitivity of the saccharide sensor was dependent on the monomer composition of the thin film and increased with increasing the boronic acid content. The pH of the saccharide solution was another key factor affecting the sensing behavior, and glucose‐responsive color changes were significantly enhanced at pH 7.8. By optimizing these conditions, significant color changes in response to glucose were achieved. Saccharide selectivity was found to be in the following order: fructose > glucose > galactose = mannose > sucrose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42679.     

Effect of the addition of silver compounds during the pyrolysis of manganese nitrate on tantalum anodic oxide film

A study of the pyrolysis of an aqueous solution of manganese nitrate in the presence of silver compounds has been carried out. Thermal analysis showed that the MnO₂ formation temperature and the transformation temperature from MnO₂ to Mn₂O₃ shifted towards a lower temperature in the presence of silver acetate. A large particle-size and high crystallinity MnO₂ was formed; this may be a useful method of making an excellent tantalum capacitor with high capacitance.     

Ferroelectric and Magnetic Properties in Room‐Temperature Multiferroic GaxFe2−xO3 Epitaxial Thin Films

GaFeO₃‐type iron oxide is a promising room‐temperature multiferroic material due to its large magnetization. To expand its usability, controlling the ferroelectric and magnetic properties is crucial. In this study, high‐quality Ga_xFe_2–xO₃ (x = 0–1) epitaxial films are fabricated and their properties are systematically investigated. All films exhibit room‐temperature out‐of‐plane ferroelectricity, showing that the coercive electric field (E_c) decreases monotonically with x. Additionally, the films show in‐plane ferrimagnetism with a Curie temperature (T_C) >350 K at x = 0–0.6. The coercive magnetic field (H_c) decreases with x at x ≤ 0.6, but shows a constant value at x > 0.6, whereas the saturated magnetization (M_s) increases with x at x ≤ 0.6, but decreases with x at x > 0.6. X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals that the large magnetization at x = 0.6 is derived from Fe³⁺ (3d⁵) at octahedral sites. The controllable range of the E_c, H_c, and M_s values at room temperature (400–800 kV cm^?1, 1–8 kOe, and 0.2–0.6 µ_B/f.u.) is very wide and differs from those of well‐known multiferroic BiFeO₃. Furthermore, the Ga_xFe_2?xO₃ films exhibit room‐temperature magnetocapacitance effects, indicating that adjusting T_C near room temperature is useful to achieve large room‐temperature magnetocapacitance behavior.     

Scaling prospect of optically differential reconfigurable gate array VLSIs

Dynamic reconfigurable devices present new computational paradigms because programmable devices’ activity and performance can be improved dramatically by increasing its reconfiguration frequency. Therefore, this paper presents designs of optically differential reconfigurable gate array (ODRGA) VLSIs using 0.18 μm and 0.35 μm CMOS process technologies. Although they are a type of programmable gate array, they can be reconfigured optically in nanoseconds. This paper also discusses future scaling prospects of ODRGA-VLSIs.     

Surface Waves on Superfluid <Superscript>4</Superscript>He Under Reduced Gravity

Superfluid ⁴He was produced on a small jet plane for the first time using a small GM-refrigerator to condense the liquid and a scroll pump to get the superfluid by evaporation. The surface wave on superfluid under 0.5g _E, 0.1g _E and 0.05g _E, together with 2g _E and 1g _E, was successfully examined by an optical method utilizing parabolic flight. Here, g _E is the gravitational constant on the ground. Assuming that only the fundamental mode was excited as determined by the sample cell width, the resonance peak in the frequency domain was well reproduced by the gravity wave with corresponding gravity constant.     

Inhibition by drebrin of the actin-bundling activity of brain fascin, a protein localized in filopodia of growth cones

The purification of drebrin, an actin-binding protein that is specifically expressed in embryonic rat brain, was described previously. During the purification of drebrin, we found that an actin-binding protein of 54 kDa was also expressed at high levels in embryonic brain, and this protein was identified by immunoblotting as fascin. To explore the roles of fascin in brain development, we purified fascin from brains of infant rats and characterized it. We found that the actin-binding activity of fascin was strongly inhibited by drebrin. Fascin caused formation of actin bundles, a process that was inhibited in the presence of drebrin, as confirmed by electron microscopy and a low-speed centrifugation assay. In PC12 cells, fascin was localized in the filopodia of growth cones, whereas drebrin was localized in the basal region of growth cones. Our results suggest that fascin might play an important role in the organization of actin in filopodia and that this organization might be regulated by drebrin.     

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of murine sphingosine kinase

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) is a novel lipid messenger that has dual function. Intracellularly it regulates proliferation and survival, and extracellularly, it is a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Edg-1. Based on peptide sequences obtained from purified rat kidney sphingosine kinase, the enzyme that regulates SPP levels, we report here the cloning, identification, and characterization of the first mammalian sphingosine kinases (murine SPHK1a and SPHK1b). Sequence analysis indicates that these are novel kinases, which are not similar to other known kinases, and that they are evolutionarily conserved. Comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans sphingosine kinase sequences shows that several blocks are highly conserved in all of these sequences. One of these blocks contains an invariant, positively charged motif, GGKGK, which may be part of the ATP binding site. From Northern blot analysis of multiple mouse tissues, we observed that expression was highest in adult lung and spleen, with barely detectable levels in skeletal muscle and liver. Human embryonic kidney cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts transiently transfected with either sphingosine kinase expression vectors had marked increases (more than 100-fold) in sphingosine kinase activity. The enzyme specifically phosphorylated D-erythro-sphingosine and did not catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol, diacylglycerol, ceramide, D,L-threo-dihydrosphingosine or N, N-dimethylsphingosine. The latter two sphingolipids were competitive inhibitors of sphingosine kinase in the transfected cells as was previously found with the purified rat kidney enzyme. Transfected cells also had a marked increase in mass levels of SPP with a concomitant decrease in levels of sphingosine and, to a lesser extent, in ceramide levels. Our data suggest that sphingosine kinase is a prototypical member of a new class of lipid kinases. Cloning of sphingosine kinase is an important step in corroborating the intracellular role of SPP as a second messenger.