Electric field assisted solid-state interfacial joining of TaC-HfC ceramics without filler

The application of ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) demands effective ways of joining in overcoming the problems associated with the fabrication of complex-shaped components. In this study, we choose to investigate a new method of rapidly joining pre-sintered TaC and HfC ceramics without any filler material using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. A well-bonded TaC–HfC interface was observed with no apparent cracking and porosity at the joint. The joining mechanisms were predominantly driven by solid-state diffusion and localized plastic deformation. The nanomechanical properties of the TaC-HfC joint are better than the HfC while comparable to that of the TaC. High-load indentation (up to 200 N) results suggest that the TaC–HfC interface is stronger than the parent UHTCs with no crack propagating at the interface. Upon comparison with the parent UHTCs, the damaged area and the average crack length at the interface, reduced up to ~94% and ~56%, respectively. This study shows that the SPS technique can also apply to joining other UHTCs without any filler, resulting in the new field of developing complex components for the thermal protection system (TPS).     

天津市地下水生态系统服务价值演变

基于千年生态系统评估对生态系统服务的分类方法，将天津市地下水生态系统服务功能划分为供给、调节、 支持和文化 4 个方面，以此为基础建立地下水生态系统服务价值评估指标体系，采用价值量评估方法构建货币化 的价值评估模型，对地下水生态系统服务价值进行测算，并重点分析南水北调中线工程通水前后天津市地下水生 态系统服务价值演变特征。结果表明：2008—2019 年，天津市地下水生态系统年均总服务价值为 83.71 亿元，其 中，南水北调中线工程通水前（2008—2014 年）为 69.81 亿元，通水后（2015—2019 年）为 103.18 亿元；通水后，地 下水调节服务价值、支持服务价值增大，供给服务价值减小；南水北调中线工程对地下水生态系统服务价值的贡 献呈增大趋势，由 2015 年 2.64 亿元增加至 2019 年 24.01 亿元。     

Comparative study on physicochemical and functional properties of egg powders from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken

Physicochemical and functional properties of freeze-dried egg powders (egg white, egg yolk, and whole egg) from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken were studied comparatively. All egg powders had protein content in the range of 91.13–97.03 g/100 g powder. The quail egg powder had higher mineral and essential amino acid contents, but lower fat content as compared to chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Moreover, egg white powder from both quail and chicken presented higher total amino acids content than corresponding whole egg and egg yolk powders, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study revealed that β-sheet is the major secondary structure of all egg powders. Based on differential scanning calorimetry analysis, quail egg powders showed slightly lower denaturation temperatures than corresponding chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis study showed the slight difference in protein patterns of corresponding quail and chicken egg powders. The quail egg powders presented higher protein solubility than corresponding chicken egg powders at all pH tested. Furthermore, quail egg powders exhibited higher emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index with higher foam expansion and stability than the corresponding chicken egg powders. Therefore, Japanese quail egg powders could be used as an alternative to white Leghorn chicken egg in the preparation of foods and diets that require high protein content with positive health benefits.     

基于随机响应面法的主动配电网无功优化

考虑分布式电源(DG)的无功主动调控能力,计及状态变量的机会约束,建立主动配电网随机无功优化模型。通过非参数核密度估计对随机因素进行建模,进一步借助随机响应面法,研究适应于多种概率模型的概率潮流计算方法,用以判断状态变量是否满足机会约束,并利用Nataf变换处理随机变量的相关性。结合基于粒子群的无功优化方法,对所建立模型进行求解。最后,基于修改过的IEEE 33节点和美国PGE 69节点配电系统测试所提方法的正确性和有效性。算例表明所提概率潮流计算方法所得累积分布函数具有较高的精度,同时设计不同的场景,进一步表明所提模型和算法适应不同DG无功控制策略、可发现确定性优化方案的概率越界风险并调整解决。     

铝及铝合金焊接在工程中易出现的几种缺陷分析及预防

介绍了工程应用中铝及铝合金焊接的几种主要方法及其焊接过程中容易产生的缺陷,并着重分析了最易出现且最难解决的气孔和裂纹的产生原因及预防措施,避免焊接接头返修.     

搅拌摩擦焊接Mg-6Al-1Sn合金组织与性能研究

对搅拌摩擦焊Mg-6Al-1Sn(AT61)合金板材在不同的焊接工艺参数下的组织与性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,在旋转速度为1 200r/min时,焊接速度为60~180mm/min及焊速为180mm/min时,转速为1 200~1 600r/min范围内都能实现良好连接,接头最大抗拉强度系数达到母材的88%,且焊核区的析氢速率低于母材,但电化学性能有所降低。母材中的第二相是Al8Mn5,没有检测到Mg2Sn相,在不同焊接工艺参数下接头组织与母材相比,第二相的类型不变,第二相的分布由条状变为颗粒状。     

Sugars as solid dispersion carrier to improve solubility and dissolution of the BCS class II drug: clotrimazole

Solid dispersion of poorly soluble BCS class II drug, clotrimazole, was prepared with the aim of enhancing its dissolution profile. Solid dispersions were prepared using various sugars as carriers at different weight ratio to drug-like d-mannitol, d-fructose, d-dextrose and d-maltose by fusion method. The solubility of plain clotrimazole in different percent of sugar solutions was measured. Also, its solubility in solid dispersion and their physical mixture were assessed. The dissolution of all the prepared SD tablets, direct compressed clotrimazole tablet and plain drug were tested using the U.S. Pharmacopeia convention (USP) apparatus II. The dissolution profiles were characterized by parameters like area under curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), mean dissolution time (MDT) and percent dissolution efficiency (% DE). The release kinetics study was performed using DD Solver TM software. The selected solid dispersions (SDs) were evaluated for antifungal activity. A 100% solution of mannitol showed 806-fold increases in solubility as compared with plain clotrimazole in water. It was observed that the dissolution profile of clotrimazole was improved by mannitol SD at drug to sugar ration of 1:3. The percent DE value for mannitol SD tablet was found to be 77.3516% as against plain drug and directly compressed tablet of clotrimazole at 50.9439% and 31.33%, respectively. Also the antifungal activity indicated by inhibition zone was found to be 54?mm indicating enhance activity against Candida albicans as compared with plain CTZ at 6.6?mm. Thus, it can be concluded that the sugar alcohol, that is, mannitol is a more promising hydrophilic carrier for solid dispersion preparation to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs.     

高密度煤油基磁性液体的制备及其性能表征

采用化学共沉淀法,通过改变Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的生长温度、包覆环境pH、清洗、分散方式等工艺参数进行对比试验,得出Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒在生长阶段、包覆阶段、分散阶段的最佳参数条件,优化以往的制备工艺,使油酸包覆的磁性颗粒在煤油中的分散稳定性得到提高。通过XRD、TEM、VSM等对样品进行表征,并使用旋转流变仪对所制煤油基磁性液体的流变性能进行分析。结果表明,改性后的Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒平均粒径约为14nm,呈现较为规则的球形,饱和磁化强度为60 (A·m²)·kg^-1,可制备出质量分数可达60%的高密度煤油基磁性液体,与普通磁液相比,以此制备工艺得的高密度煤油基磁性液体在饱和磁化强度、抗氧化性等方面皆有较大提升,拥有更高的应用价值。