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排序方式: 共有544条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In order to investigate the reduction mechanism of thioglycolic acid (TG) on the keratin fibers, cross-sectional samples of white human hair treated with TG were prepared. The heterogeneous reaction between TG and keratin fibers involving the diffusion of TG into human hair was analyzed at the molecular level using microspectrophotometry and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The diffusion of TG into human hair clearly increased by increasing the treatment time and by raising pH. The TG relative concentration and the disconnected relative concentration of disulfide (–SS–) groups at various depths of the hair samples with pH 9.0 were in good agreement, indicating that the reaction rate (the disconnection of –SS– groups) was faster than the diffusion rate of TG into human hair. From these experiments, we demonstrated that TG diffuses gradually beyond the cuticle region, and toward the inside of the cortex region along with the disconnection of –SS– groups. 相似文献
2.
OBJECTIVES: To define the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, hormonal mediators, alteration of energy substrate and hypermetabolism during the early phase after surgical trauma. DESIGN: A prospective case-control study of 13 patients underwent elective surgery for carcinoma between November 1993 and January 1995. MATERIALS AND METHODS: They received parenteral supply of adequate glucose and amino acids through central venous catheter after surgery equally. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- alpha, IL-1 and IL-6, stress hormones such as norepinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and fuel utilization and hypermetabolism variables such as resting energy expenditure (REE), CRP, free fatty acid, respiratory quotient, the calculated rates of glucose and fat oxidation using indirect calorimetry were measured serially (the day before operation, the end of surgery, and postoperative day (POD) 1, 2 and 5). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: TNF- alpha and IL-1 were not detected during the study period. Initial elevation and steady decline of IL-6 concentrations were seen after surgical injury, and this response related significantly to post-operative norepinephrine and glucagon levels throughout the study period, and to insulin levels only at the end of surgery. %REE (REE/BEEHB; basal energy expenditure according to the Harris-Benedict equation) on POD 2 and 5, and all CRP levels after surgery were significantly related to IL-6 levels more than hormone levels. Fuel utilization variables on POD 2 were related to both IL-6 and hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS: Initial elevation of IL-6 concentration might induce stress hormones such as norepinephrine and glucagon, but not insulin after surgical trauma. Moreover not only hormonal mediators but also cytokine such as IL-6 are responsible for the development of the stress response of the alteration of energy substrate and hypermetabolism. 相似文献
3.
Usami K. Igarashi M. Minami F. Ishikawa T. Kanzawa M. Ichida M. Nogami K. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》1998,33(3):463-472
This paper describes an automated design technique to reduce power by making use of two supply voltages. The technique consists of structure synthesis, placement, and routing. The structure synthesizer clusters the gates off the critical paths so as to supply the reduced voltage to save power. The placement and routing tool assigns either the reduced voltage or the unreduced one to each row so as to minimize the area overhead. The reduced supply, voltage is also exploited in a clock tree to reduce power. Combining these techniques together, we applied it to a media processor chip. The combined technique reduced the power by 47% in random-logic modules and by 73% in the clock tree, while keeping the performance 相似文献
4.
Bera L.K. Ray S.K. Mukhopadhyay M. Nayak D.K. Usami N. Shiraki Y. Maiti C.K. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1998,19(8):273-275
Growth of ultrathin (<100 Å) oxynitride on strained-Si using microwave N2O and NH3 plasma is reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate a nitrogen-rich layer at the strained-Si/SiO2 interface. The electrical properties of oxynitrides have been characterized using a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure. A moderately low value of insulator charge density (6.1×1010 cm-2) has been obtained for NH3 plasma treated N2O oxide sample. Nitrided oxide shows a larger breakdown voltage and an improved charge trapping properties under Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) constant current stress 相似文献
5.
K Iguchi M Hamatake R Ishida Y Usami T Adachi H Yamamoto K Koshida T Uchibayashi K Hirano 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,253(3):766-770
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a cardiovascular peptide that binds to two distinct receptors, ET(A) and ET(B), resulting in systemic and regional vasoconstriction, alteration in sodium excretion, mitogenesis, and release of other vasoactive peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). A role for ET-1 has been proposed in congestive heart failure (CHF) based on the increase in circulating ET-1 in this cardiovascular disease state. The present study determined the cardiorenal and endocrine responses to chronic selective oral ETA antagonism in experimental CHF. Two groups of conscious dogs underwent 21 days of pacing-induced CHF. These groups included a control untreated group (n = 6) and a group that received an orally active ET(A) receptor antagonist (A-127722, Abbott Pharmaceuticals, 5 mg/kg PO bid, n = 6). Each group was studied at baseline before the onset of CHF and after 14 and 21 days of CHF. Compared with the CHF control group, the ET(A) receptor antagonism group at 14 days of CHF showed lower mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Similarly, ET(A) receptor antagonism markedly attenuated the increase in circulating ANP despite similar atrial pressures. At 21 days of CHF, ET(A) receptor antagonism lowered pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and systemic vascular resistance in association with a higher cardiac output. Plasma ANP remained suppressed. Despite the lower mean arterial pressure and circulating ANP in the ET(A) receptor antagonist group, the absolute decrease in sodium excretion from baseline was less compared with the untreated CHF control group. The present investigation supports the conclusion that endogenous ET-1 participates in the systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction, the elevation of ANP, and the sodium retention that characterize this model of experimental CHF, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for ET(A) receptor antagonism in CHF. 相似文献
6.
Toshihide Suzuki Teruo Miyazawa Kenshiro Fujimoto Miki Otsuka Masako Tsutsumi 《Lipids》1993,28(8):775-778
The levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide in serially cultured human fetal diploid fibroblasts at various population
doubling levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with chemiluminescence detections. This
methodology utilizes a mixture of cytochromec and luminol as post-column hydroperoxide group specific luminescent reagents. The cellular hydroperoxide content increased
with age from 0.34 to 27.72 pmol/106 cells. At the end of the cells'in vitro lifespan (51st population doubling level), the hydroperoxide content per 106 cells reached about 80 times the level found in cells of the 20th population doubling level. Supplementation of exogenous
α-tocopherol to the culture medium prevented hydroperoxide accumulation, but did not extent the lifespanin vitro. The results indicate that substantial intracellular phospholipid hydroperoxide accumulation occurred in the course of aging
of human fetal liploid fibroblasts. 相似文献
7.
Silk sericin was impregnated into polyester fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) to overcome polyester hydrophobicity. The effects of sericin molecular weight, pH of sericin, solution and cosolvent types on sericin impregnation were investigated. Enzyme‐hydrolyzed, acid‐, based‐hydrolyzed sericin in SCCO2, and a 30 kDa sericin in SCCO2 modified with cosolvents such as water, methanol, 1‐propanol, and acetone; and a modifier: sodium hydroxide solution were used in this work. Impregnation of sericin in polyester was indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and dyeing with acid dye. Degradation of polyester fibers during SCCO2 process was indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methylene blue dyeing was used to realize carboxyl group in polyester. The results showed no impregnation of sericin into polyester by using SCCO2 modified with cosolvents. However, sericin was impregnated into modified surface polyester since hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were regenerated by alkaline hydrolysis. Samples impregnated with hydrolyzed sericin showed high color strength of Supranolechtbordeaux B acid dye. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 相似文献
8.
Glycolipids from edible plant sources were accurately quantified by silica-based, normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
using an evaporative light-scattering detector. Five major glycolipid classes (acylated steryl glucoside, steryl glucoside,
ceramide monohexoside, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol) were separated and determined with a
binary gradient system consisting of chloroform and methanol/water (95∶5, vol/vol) without any interference from other lipid
classes and pigments. The described method was applied to 48 edible plants available in Japan including cereals, legumes,
vegetables, and fruits. Examined plant species contained glycolipids in wide concentration ranges, such as 5–645 mg/100 g
tissue. 相似文献
9.
Autoxidation of ethyl eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Soon-Yeong Cho Kazuo Miyashita Teruo Miyazawa Kenshiro Fujimoto Takashi Kaneda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1987,64(6):876-879
The extent of oxidation of ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) was compared quantitatively
with that of ethyl linoleate (Lo) and ethyl linolenate (Ln) by oxygen uptake and formation of conjugated diene, hydroperoxide
and secondary oxidation products. EPA and DHA esters were oxidized rapidly even at 5 C in the dark after an induction period
of 3–4 days, while the induction periods of Ln and Lo esters were 20 days and more than 60 days, respectively. Oxygen uptake
of EPA and DHA esters after the induction period was 5.2 and 8.5 times faster than that of ethyl Ln, respectively. Hydroperoxides
of EPA and DHA esters are much less stable than those of ethyl Lo. The peroxide value is not necessarily a good indication
of oxidation in these polyenoic acids because a considerable amount of secondary products is formed at the early stage of
oxidation. Polymers were found to be major secondary products in these polyenoic esters. 相似文献
10.
在全球的CDMA运营商中,日本KDDI是非常突出的一家。KDDI于2002年4月推出了自己的3G业务,采用的是cdma20001x技术。与NTTDoCoMo的3G业务一开始缓慢发展相比,KDDI虽晚半年推出3G业务,但其3G业务一起步就进入了快速发展阶段,业务开展才84天,用户数就突破百万大关。到2004年10月,用户数突破1600万的KDDI。那么,到底是什么使KDDI后来居上的呢?本文试图从分析KDDI的业务人手,破解KDDI的成功密码. 相似文献