Tumor register: information system for tumor centers (author's transl)

The different activities in the scope of the tumor center already shows in the multiplicity of concepts for which incidence register, therapy register, clinical register or the supplies register are only a few examples. Such terms circumscribe a few interests from the therapeutic, epidemiologic or clinical and scientific aspects, which are projected on tumor centers as an expectation or a duty. From the compilation of these interests a bundle of unspecific aims results for which a classification according to various levels of information is suggested. Only cooperation of all levels makes possible a tumor register as an information system for medicine which supports the tasks of all those involved and makes the questions of the population more easily and more quickly answerable.     

Carbon‐Based Anodes for Lithium Sulfur Full Cells with High Cycle Stability

The lithium sulfur battery system has been studied since the late 1970s and has seen renewed interest in recent years. However, even after three decades of intensive research, prolonged cycling can only be achieved when a large excess of electrolyte and lithium is used. Here, for the first time, a balanced and stable lithium sulfur full cell is demonstrated with silicon–carbon as well as all‐carbon anodes. More than 1000 cycles, a specific capacity up to 1470 mAh g^?1 _sulfur (720 mAh g^?1 _cathode), and a high coulombic efficiency of over 99% even with a low amount of electrolyte are achieved. The alternative anodes do not suffer from electrolyte depletion, which is found to be the main cause of cell failure when using metallic lithium anodes.     

Human intelligence models and their implications for expert system structure and research

In order to determine the features which contribute to intelligent behaviour, several models of human intelligence were studied, This evaluation identified ten features present in human intelligent behaviour which may be relevant to expert systems design. These features were rated, by experts in the field of expert systems, on the extent of their presence in expert systems as compared with intelligent human behaviour. The four features receiving the lowest ratings were social competence, comprehension, automatization and memory management. The paper concludes with a discussion of these four features and outlines what needs to be done and why in order to incorporate them into the structure of expert systems.     

Anwendung von Impedanzmessungen zur Charakterisierung oxidischer Schichten auf Aluminiumlegierungen nach unterschiedlicher Oberflächenvorbehandlung und Korrosionsbeanspruchung in Hochtemperaturwasser

Application of impedance spectroscopy for investigating oxide layers on aluminium alloys submitted to different surface pretreatment and corrosion in high temperature water Referring to investigations of the corrosion behaviour of AlNiFe and AlSiNi alloys in pressurized high temperature water (HTW) at 473 K, impedance measurements were put into practice in ammonium tartrate solution at 298 K for a variety of electrodes which had been submitted to hydrothermal, chemical or anodic pretreatment methods as well as to HTW corrosion tests. The impedance behaviour in the 10^?3–10⁵ Hz range proved to be mainly dependent on both the kind of pretreatment and the hydrodynamic conditions during corrosion. The analysis of the impedance spectra was accomplished by deconvolution and fitting methods on the basis of different equivalent circuit models. It was concluded that all the oxide types contain a thin nonporous sublayer, whereas diffusion control occurs within the pores of the covering layer on top.     

The elastic tunnelling current in asymmetrical aluminum-insulator-metal diodes

We examined the conductivities of the two limiting cases of diodes: (a) nearly symmetrical aluminum-insulator-aluminum junctions and (b) strongly asymmetrical aluminum-insulator-gold junctions. The fit of our experimental data to a power series for the current up to a bias of 0.5 V yielded excellent confirmation of our recently introduced phenomenological theory of the elastic tunnelling current. In addition we were able to describe even extremely asymmetrical Al-I-Au diodes within the framework of our theory. With a step potential instead of the common trapezoidal barrier we obtained physically reasonable results for our barrier parameters.     

Microstructure transformation of a crystallized glass from the system BaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO2

Glass-ceramics from the studied system are able to precipitate a crystalline phase with an anomalous and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Besides the crystalline phase called LEAZit (Low Expansion Alkaline Earth Zinc Silicate), other phases appear within those glass-ceramics. In order to understand the thermal expansion behavior of the whole material, the phase content has to be known as a function of the composition and the chosen heat treatment. In this paper, a glass with the molar composition 5 BaO · 12 SrO · 35 ZnO · 46.2 SiO₂ · 1.5 Sb₂O₃ · 0.3 Ag is studied using X-ray tomography. With this method, the phase content can be studied in detail together with the microstructure. An ex-situ workflow was used to study one and the same sample after different heat treatments, which makes it possible to characterize the structures (crystalline phase, residual matrix, and porosity) inside the sample in a nondestructive way. The size of the different phases was characterized with a strut thickness analysis of the three-dimensional datasets. The tomographic results are supported by results from X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with elemental analysis.     

Sliding wear performance of metallic laser coatings against composite PTFE seals

Laser coatings are frequently used in applications where they slide against various elastomeric and polymeric seals or guide bands in different environments. Examples of such applications include hydraulics, maritime propulsion systems and components in pulp & paper industry. In this study highly corrosion resistant Inconel 625 (DIN Mat. No. 2.4856) and Thermanit 2509 super duplex stainless steel (～1.4501) coatings manufactured by novel coaxial hot‐wire laser cladding technique are tested in dry conditions at room temperature against various composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) seals. Despite only small difference in coating surface hardness, ～1.4501 and 2.4856 show significant differences in wear and friction performance against various seals. For instance, ～1.4501 is superior to 2.4856 against glass fiber and MoS₂ reinforced PTFE in terms of wear resistance and friction characteristics, whereas 2.4856 performs better against bronze reinforced PTFE seal. The reference Stellite laser coating, which is the hardest counter surface in this study, exhibits the best wear behavior against all the seal materials tested. The differences in wear performances are explained by cohesive and adhesive wear mechanisms.