Kinetic analysis for effect of initial substrate concentration on growth and secondary metabolite production in cultures of Nicotiana tabacum

Suspension cultures of tobacco cells were studied using airlift and rotary-drum bioreactors. The effect of initial concentrations of a major substrate, sucrose, on the growth and production of a secondary metabolite, phenolic compounds, was investigated. The dry weights and total concentrations of the phenolic compounds increased with the initial sucrose concentration in both bioreactors. Both bioreactors were found to have the same tendency for the effect of initial sucrose concentration. The structured model, presented previously was modified by considering that sucrose was hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose by an enzymatic reaction. The previous and the new models were applied to the above two sets of experimental data obtained with two bioreactors, independently. The hydrolysis of sucrose was elucidated to contribute slightly to the overall kinetics of growth and secondary metabolite production in these cultures. Furthermore, the levels of shear damage in each bioreactor were quantitatively compared based on the death rate constant, k_i, which is one of the model constants.     

Analytical studies of four-inch pipe whip tests under BWR LOCA conditions

The purpose of pipe rupture studies in JAERI is to perform model tests on pipe whip, restraint behavior, jet impingement and jet thrust force, and to establish a computational method for analyzing these phenomena. This report presents the analytical results of 4-inch pipe whip tests under BWR LOCA conditions.Dynamic response analyses were performed using the general-purpose finite element program ADINA. The test pipe was modelled by straight beam elements and the four restraints were modelled by a single truss element. The analytical results were compared with the experimental results. Impact time and maximum total restraint force showed good agreement with experimental results. On the other hand, pipe strain and pipe deflection could not be predicted so well. The reason for this is that the sliding of the restraint during the pipe whip movement cannot be considered in the analyses.     

Second-order nonlinearity of a disazo dye attached polymer

Second-order optical nonlinearity of a disazo dye attached polymer was investigated. The optical loss of the film is 1.5 dB/cm at 633 nm. The second-order nonlinear coefficient chi /sup (2)/ of the poled film is comparable to that of lithium niobate at 1.55 mu m. The chi /sup (2)/ is greater than that of a monoazo dye attached polymer throughout the fundamental wavelength of 1.06-1.70 mu m.<>     

Temperature increase on target due to jet impingement under BWR/PWR loss of coolant accident conditions

This report describes the temperature increase on the target plate after jet impingement on it from a ruptured pipe under BWR/PWR Loss of Coolant Accident Conditions. From test results it is shown that the temperature on the target can be conservatively estimated by taking it equal to the saturated temperature corresponding to the pressure on the target, which is given by the steam table. An experimental formula is presented to estimate the maximum temperature increase on the target.     

Organic materials for nonlinear optics

This review discusses nonlinear optical (NLO) polymeric materials. As an example of a second-order NLO material, a novel copolymer with a diazo dye attached is investigated. The second-order NLO coefficient χ⁽²⁾ of the copolymer reaches 1.0 × 10^?6 esu, which is 7 times larger than that of LiNbO₃. A third-order NLO coefficient χ⁽³⁾ larger than 10^?10 esu is obtained for polymers where NLO dyes are introduced into the polymer backbone. The optical transmission loss of these polymers is revealed to be around 2 dB/cm. As these polymers can be formed into channel waveguides using the photo-bleaching technique, they show promise for use in NLO devices because of their processability, transparency and large optical nonlinearity.     

Transient analysis of blowdown thrust force under PWR LOCA

The analytical results of blowdown characteristics and thrust forces were compared with the experiments, which were performed as pipe whip and jet discharge tests under the PWR LOCA conditions. The blowdown thrust forces were obtained by Navier-Stokes momentum equation for a single-phase, homogeneous and separated two-phase flow, assuming critical pressure at the exit if a crifical flow condition was satisfied.The following results are obtained:

1. (1) The node-junction method is useful for both the analyses of the blowdown thrust force and of the water hammer phenomena.

2. (2) The Henry-Fauske model for subcooled critical flow is effective for the analysis of the maximum thrust force under the PWR LOCA conditions. The jet thrust parameter of the analysis and experiment is equal to 1.08.

3. (3) The thrust parameter of saturated blowdown has the same one with the value under pressurized condition when the stagnant pressure is chosen as the saturated one.

4. (4) The dominant terms of the blowdown thrust force in the momentum equation are the pressure and momentum terms except that the acceleration term has large contribution only just after the break.

Polymers for optoelectronics

This paper discusses polymers for optoelectronics, especially plastic optical fibers (POFs) for near-infrared (near-IR) use and polymeric nonlinear optical materials expected for use as switching devices. Near-IR transmissible plastic optical fibers are investigated using fluorination and deuteration for conventional polymers. Among them pentafluoro-trideutero-styrene polymer core POF has excellent transparency in the near-IR region even after water vapor absorption. Nonlinear optical polymeric materials with excellent processibilities are also investigated. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of poly-aromatic vinylene thin film was measured and revealed to have a higher susceptibility than previously reported.     

Complete isolation of target solute from multicomponent similar mixture using continuous rotating annular chromatograph with double‐stage partial recycling of effluent

A double‐stage partial recycling continuous rotating annular chromatograph was proposed in order to isolate a target solute from multisolutes with similar retention strengths. The impurities with a higher retention strength are removed from the mixture by the first stage partial recycling where the effluent of incomplete separation is recycled to the inlet adjacent to that of the raw feed mixture. The effluent containing the target solute and the impurities with a lower retention strength is sent to the second stage and the target solute is isolated and collected. The optimum arrangement of the recycling channels and their corresponding nozzles was determined using a numerical calculation based on a mass transport model. The quadruple saccharides of kestose, sucrose, glucose and fructose were used as model solutes for experimental verification. The distribution coefficients needed for the numerical calculation were obtained from adsorption experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was first verified using a two‐apparatu system. On the basis of the two‐apparatus method, the guide to designing a suitable single apparatus was discussed regarding the capital cost savings. The model target solute, sucrose, was isolated using a single apparatus by special recycling of a part of the effluents containing sucrose and kestose with a lower retention strength to the inlet of the first stage. All experimental concentration profiles of the respective saccharides were in reasonable agreement with the calculated ones. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Covering anodized aluminum with electropolymerized polypyrrole via manganese oxide layer and application to solid electrolytic capacitor

A new technology for covering an etched and anodized aluminum (Al) foil with polypyrrole (PPy) was developed. PPy was electropolymerized from an external electrode via an extremely thin semiconducting manganese oxide layer prepared on the etched and anodized Al foil in advance. Pyrolytic and reduced manganese oxide could be used with little difference in the performance of the PPy layer growth. To obtain a high coverage ratio, the optimal starting materials were manganese nitrate for the pyrolysis process and sodium permanganate for the reduction process. On the basis of the technology, two kinds of Al solid electrolytic capacitors, in which the PPy layers are used as electrolytes, were produced and characterized. These capacitors showed almost equal ideal impedance-frequency characteristics, excellent temperature characteristics and environmental stability, and independence of the manganese oxide synthesis route.