Transmittance and cathodoluminescence of AlN ceramics sintered with Ca3Al2O6 as sintering additive

Aluminum nitride ceramics were prepared by sintering with 0–4.8 mass% of Ca₃Al₂O₆ (C₃A) as a sintering additive. The transmittance in the range of 260–550 nm increased with increasing amount of C₃A. The cathodoluminescence intensity attributed to oxygen-induced defects decreased with increasing amount of C₃A. From the results, the increase of the transmittance in the range of 260–550 nm was considered to be related to the decrease of the oxygen-induced defect density.     

Finite element analysis of the transient motion of stratified viscous fluids under gravity

The present paper deals with the finite element analysis of two-dimensional two-layer density flows in a gravitational field. A fluid in each layer is replaced with a large number of discrete particles, and the motion and deformation of each layer is represented by moving those particles in a Lagrangian manner. The velocity distribution in the whole fluid region is given as the finite element solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and the equation of continuity. In the finite element calculation, free-slip conditions are used on solid wall boundaries because no-slip conditions may cause sticking of some particles to walls. Then, a new technique for the implementation of free-slip conditions on arbitrary curved boundaries is presented. As numerical examples, density flows in a rectangular closed container and Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the container with a circular cross-section have been computed.     

Pulsed KrF excimer laser annealing of silicon solar cell

The pulsed KrF excimer laser annealing of silicon films for solar cell with EBEP-CVD and LP-CVD was studied theoretically and experimentally. Three-dimensional thermal diffusion equation for microcrystalline and amorphous silicon was solved by using the finite difference methods. The results of our heat-flow simulation of laser re-crystallization in a laser irradiation with 50 ns pulse duration almost agree with the experimental results in re-crystallization depth of 0.7 μm for microcrystalline silicon (EBEP-CVD) and 0.4 μm for amorphous silicon (LP-CVD) in a single pulse excimer laser annealing.     

Recent development in NRD-guide technology

Recent achievements in the field of the NRD-guide integrated circuits and antennas are reviewed. The main emphasis is placed on a new class of planar antennas which employ a leaky NRD-guide as the feed medium and can be contained in a common housing together with the NRD-guide integrated circuits.     

Augmentation by phthalimides of phorbol ester-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha message

N(alpha)-Phthalimidoglutarimide (thalidomide), 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione (PP-33) and its 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro derivative (FPP-33) augmented 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced production by human leukemia HL-60 cells of both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and secreted TNF-alpha protein. Intracellular TNF-alpha protein production was increased to a lesser extent.     

Extracellular matrix of opacified anterior capsule after endocapsular cataract surgery

BACKGROUND: We determined the types and distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagens, in anterior capsular opacification after endocapsular phacoemulsification and aspiration (ECPEA) and intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: Opacified anterior capsules were removed from human eyes after ECPEA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine GAGs with monoclonal antibodies to chondroitin, chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S), dermatan sulfate (DS), and keratan sulfate (KS); collagens with monoclonal antibodies to types I, II, and III collagens; and cellular characteristics with monoclonal antibodies to vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and cytokeratin. Decorin mRNA and type I collagen mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In the capsules, the C6S, DS, KS, and types I and III collagens were similar to the chemical components found at the adhesion site of the anterior and posterior capsules after extracapsular cataract extraction, and cellular components contained vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin, decorin mRNA, and type I collagen mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: The GAGs and collagens in opacified anterior capsule after ECPEA were similar to those found during wound healing, although KS is present in normal anterior segment tissue during development and only in the cornea postnatally. These chemical components may be produced by myofibroblast-like cells presumably transformed from lens epithelial cells.     

High performance 35 nm gate length CMOS with NO oxynitride gate dielectric and Ni salicide

The 35 nm gate length CMOS devices with oxynitride gate dielectric and Ni salicide have been fabricated to study the feasibility of higher performance operation. Nitrogen concentration in gate oxynitride was optimized to reduce gate current I/sub g/ and to prevent boron penetration in the pFET. The thermal budget in the middle of the line (MOL) process was reduced enough to realize shallower junction depth in the S/D extension regions and to suppress gate poly-Si depletion. Finally, the current drives of 676 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m in nFET and 272 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m in pFET at V/sub dd/=0.85 V (at I/sub off/=100 nA//spl mu/m) were achieved and they are the best values for 35 nm gate length CMOS reported to date.     

Gelsolin is a downstream effector of rac for fibroblast motility

Rac, a member of the rho family of GTPases, when activated transmits signals leading to actin-based membrane ruffling in fibroblasts. Compared with wild-type fibroblasts, gelsolin null (Gsn-) dermal fibroblasts have a markedly reduced ruffling response to serum or EGF stimulation, which signal through rac. Bradykinin-induced filopodial formation, attributable to activation of cdc42, is similar in both cell types. Wild-type fibroblasts exhibit typical lamellipodial extension during translational locomotion, whereas Gsn- cells move 50% slower using structures resembling filopodia. Multiple Gsn- tissues as well as Gsn- fibroblasts overexpress rac, but not cdc42 or rho, 5-fold. Re-expression of gelsolin in Gsn- fibroblasts by stable transfection or adenovirus reverts the ruffling response, translational motility and rac expression to normal. Rac migrates to the cell membrane following EGF stimulation in both cell types. Gelsolin is an essential effector of rac-mediated actin dynamics, acting downstream of rac recruitment to the membrane.     

Vivid image projection system using e‐Paper active screen

Projected image on a screen is not always vivid enough when it is projected in a bright room. We generally have to choose either vivid image in a dark room or dull image in a bright room. We have suggested a new projection system which can realize high contrast image projection in a bright room. It is consisted of electronic paper screen, projector, and light‐emitting diode room light. The electronic paper (e‐Paper) screen alternates its whole surface white/black with 120 Hz. Room lights are controlled with the same frequency of 120 Hz with the opposite phase as that of the e‐Paper screen. We have confirmed that our new system has achieved higher contrast than the conventional projection system and also enough readability of paper documents in the room simultaneously. We have thus confirmed that our new system can bring an ideal condition, for audience, which can realize a vivid image projection in a bright room.