Processing airborne MSS data for vegetation studies

Abstract

This letter discusses the need for accurate processing of airborne multispectral data for vegetation studies. The processing includes radiometric and atmospheric corrections and allowances for environmental influences on the data. A methodology for such corrections using easily available collateral data is described and successfully applied to airborne multispectral data recorded in the Bawtry area of South Yorkshire, England.     

Admittance correction factors for gap excited cylindrical antennae

Admittance correction factors are derived for narrow gap, gap exicted cylindrical antennae. These correction factors relate results for the current at the gap edge, and the admittance, obtained using the constant aperture field approximation to results which are more realistically obtained for solid and tubular antennae.     

The root-loci of four pole systems†

The paper shows how the general shape of the root–locus of a four polo system is related to the relative positions of its open loop poles. The various forms of the locus are displayed on two maps. One map shows the loci of systems having two or four real open loop poles while the second map deals with the case of two pairs of complex poles. For each general shape of the locus analytical expressions are given for real axis break points, imaginary axis crossings, and maximum gain consistent with closed loop stability.     

Effect of Graphite on Microstructure and Drying Shrinkage of Clay

Graphite specimens bonded by kaolinite-illite clay, in which planar orientation of the graphite flakes and clay platelets had been produced by deformation, showed enhanced differential drying shrinkage with increased graphite content. The greater shrinkage was perpendicular to the plane of preferred orientation. Comparable additions of quartz grains to the clay made the drying shrinkage less differential. The volume drying shrinkage was first increased and then decreased by successive additions of graphite. The increase was ascribed to the increasing concentration of water in the clay bond as the clay content diminished. The subsequent decrease appeared because the drying shrinkage of the clay was reduced near the graphite and because the graphite itself did not shrink.     

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIONS OF FRUIT, HERB AND SPICE EXTRACTS

The antioxidant properties of extracts of five fruits (apple, pear, peach, plum and grapefruit), three herbs (rosemary, tarragon and basil) and one spice (black pepper) were evaluated in a series of assays involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). In general, the crude extracts possessed potent antioxidant properties in vitro . Rosemary extract was 50-times more effective at preventing microsomal lipid peroxidation of human liver microsomes induced by NADPH/iron compared to peroxidation induced by iron/ascorbate, but tarragon was more effective in the iron/ascorbate dependent peroxidation. Analysis of the content of hydroxycinnamic acids of the pear, apple, plum and peach extracts measured after hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide showed that caffeic acid, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were the principal hydroxycinnamic acids present. Although the hydroxycinnamic acids and naringin do not contribute to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by fruit extracts, they were able to inhibit deoxyribose degradation by 30% suggesting ability to weakly scavenge hydroxyl radicals (OH). Nevertheless, extracts of herbs and spices are increasingly of interest in the food industry because they retard oxidative degradation to lipids.     

A NOVEL FORM OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE EXCITATION

ABSTRACT

A machine is described which utilises the flux pulsations caused by stator slotting to produce a rotor excitation current which can react with the main flux wave to develop synchronous torque. This attractive possibility could result in a brushless, self-excited, synchronous motor, without the requirement of an exciter, and putting to good use what is usually regarded as a source of parasitic loss. The paper presents the performance characteristics and results of tests on a prototype. Methods of calculation of behaviour are presented which could be used to investigate the commercial viability     

CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY: APRICOTS, CANTALOUPES, PEACHES, PEARS, STRAWBERRIES, AND TOMATOES

Consumers are increasing their produce consumption; however, complaints of inconsistent produce quality and improper consumer handling practices could reduce consumer satisfaction with and demand for specific produce items. Seventy to eighty percent of consumers buy cantaloupes, peaches, pears, strawberries and tomatoes at the supermarket; only about half buy apricots at the supermarket. Apricots are not purchased at any location by almost 30% of consumers. Satisfaction with quality is highest for cantaloupes, lowest for tomatoes and apricots. Consumer complaints center around flavor and textural changes which develop in ripening. Both consumer handling practices and fresh product quality contribute to dissatisfaction.     

Revisiting Legal Realism: The Law, Economics, and Organization Perspective

Although American Legal Realism fell on hard times, the objectionsof the Realists with legal formalism had substance earlier inthe century and have substance today. As developed in this paper,there are many parallels between Legal Realism and older styleinstitutional economics. Both failed for lack of operationalization. The New Institutional Economics works out of a law, economics,and organizations perspective and takes operationalization muchmore seriously. This same approach could be applied to the concernsof Legal Realism, bringing added value in the process.