The impact of III-V semiconductors on microelectromechanicalsystems

This article examines the special features of the III-V semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide and chemically related compounds, which make them an attractive alternative to silicon-based technology in the field of microelectromechanical systems. As in conventional electronic systems, it is not expected that the III-V compounds will become exclusively used in all instances, but rather a substantial niche market-exploiting the special advantages of the compound semiconductors-is likely to be established     

Evaluation of capital cost data. part 7: Liquid waste disposal with emphasis on physical treatment

Capital cost correlations are given for oil-water separators, equalization basins, primary clarifiers, clarifiers and clarifier mechanisms, reverse osmosis unit, ultrafiltration units, gravity filters and miroscreens. Data are included for raw sewage, intermediate and recirculation pumping stations and for preliminary treatment (or bar screens, grit removal, overflow and bypass chamber and Parshall flume), for grit removal, comminution and gas stripping. The correlations are accurate to ± 30%, expressed in Canadian dollars and adjusted to a Marshall and Swift value of 1000. Details as to what components are included in the cost are given. Data are given for the labour and material costs to create a working process module. For inflation indices, a critique of the Engineering News Record, EPA small city, Marshall and Swift, Chemical Engineering and Southam inflation indices suggested that the Marshall and Swift index is most appropriate for the construction and process equipment studied here. Concerning the currency exchange, for the equipment and processes in this study, equipment costs the same whether expressed directly in US or Canadian dollars. To put the current data into perspective, several hundred sources of cost data were analyzed. The major correlations are compared, on a consistent basis, with current data.     

Testing of the multi-application small light water reactor (MASLWR) passive safety systems

Experimental thermal hydraulic research has been conducted at Oregon State University for the purpose of assessing the performance of a new reactor design concept, the multi-application small light water reactor (MASLWR). The MASLWR is a pressurized light water reactor design with a net output of 35 MWe that uses natural circulation in both normal and transient operation. Due to its small size, portability and modularity, the MASLWR design is well suited to help fill the potential need for grid appropriate reactor designs for smaller electricity grids as may be found in developing or remote regions. The purpose of the OSU MASLWR test facility is to assess the operation of the MASLWR under normal full operating pressure and full temperature conditions and to assess the passive safety systems under transient conditions. The data generated by the testing program will be used to assess computer code calculations and to provide a better understanding of the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the design of the MASLWR NSSS. During this testing program, four tests were conducted at the OSU MASLWR test facility. These tests included one design basis accident and one beyond design basis accident. During the performance of these tests, plant operations to include start up, normal operation and shut down evolutions were demonstrated successfully.     

An investigation of the deposition and reactions of sulphur on gold electrodes

The oxidation of sulphide species in solution has been investigated on a gold electrode in borate solutions of pH 6.8 and 9.2 and in 1 mol dm^?3 NaOH. Sub-monolayer coverage by sulphur occurs at underpotentials. At more positive potentials, multilayers of sulphur can be deposited. The reaction producing sulphur, and the reverse process, involve the formation of poly sulphides as intermediates. The predominant polysulphide intermediate is S ₂ ^2? . Oxidation of sulphide to sulphate occurs to some extent in parallel with sulphur deposition. Both reactions are inhibited by the presence of a surface layer of sulphur. At high potentials, sulphur is oxidized to sulphate.     

Bulk and interfacial physical properties of aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulphate and lauryl alcohol with air and benzene system: Part I: Aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulphate

Experimental measurements were made of the pH, density, bulk viscosity and electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulphate for a wide range of concentrations at 25°C. Also, the time-dependent interfacial tension data of this system with mutually saturated benzene phases are reported. Comparison of these data with literature values shows fair agreement in the majority of the cases and further reveals the lack of data in the earlier investigations below the critical micelle concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate in water. A detailed compilation of the data, reported in the literature since 1937, of the pH, density, bulk viscosity, electrical conductivity, surface tension, interfacial tension with benzene, surface excess concentration, surface shear viscosity, diffusivity and critical micelle concentration of the sodium lauryl sulphate system is given. The importance of this anionic surfactant system together with the various factors which influence the physical properties is examined.     

Industrial architectural assessment using TARA

Scenario based architectural assessment is a well-established approach for assessing architectural designs. However scenario-based methods are not always usable in an industrial context, where in our experience, they can be perceived as complicated and expensive to use. In this paper we explore why this may be the case and define a simpler technique called TARA, which has been designed for use in situations where scenario based methods are unlikely to be successful. The method is illustrated through an experience report that explains how it was applied to the assessment of two quantitative financial analysis systems, and its strengths, weaknesses and relationship to other methods are briefly discussed.     

Applying Plan Recognition Algorithms To Program Understanding

Program understanding is often viewed as the task of extracting plans and design goals from program source. As such, it is natural to try to apply standard AI plan recognition techniques to the program understanding problem. Yet program understanding researchers have quietly, but consistently, avoided the use of these plan recognition algorithms. This paper shows that treating program understanding as plan recognition is too simplistic and that traditional AI search algorithms for plan recognition are not suitable, as is, for program understanding. In particular, we show (1) that the program understanding task differs significantly from the typical general plan recognition task along several key dimensions, (2) that the program understanding task has particular properties that make it particularly amenable to constraint satisfaction techniques, and (3) that augmenting AI plan recognition algorithms with these techniques can lead to effective solutions for the program understanding problem.