陶瓷/金属钎焊与扩散连接的研究现状

工程陶瓷由于具有优异的综合性能,在许多领域得到广泛应用,但其加工性能差,通常需要与金属组成复合结构.实现陶瓷与金属之间的可靠连接是推进陶瓷材料应用的关键,钎焊和扩散连接被认为是陶瓷/金属连接中较为适合的方法.文中对近年来国内外陶瓷/金属钎焊和扩散连接技术领域的研究现状进行了综述,认为活性金属钎焊和部分瞬间液相连接发展比较成熟,部分瞬间液相连接充分结合了活性钎焊和固相扩散连接两者的优点,将成为未来陶瓷/金属连接的发展方向.     

MAH接枝EPDM增韧PA66的研究

研究了MAH(马来酸酐)接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM—g-MAH)对尼龙66(PA66)的增韧作用。利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察了共混体系的微观形貌(形态结构)，并运用小角激光散射(SALS)方法研究了EPDM的加入对PA66结晶性能的影响。结果表明，未接枝的EPDM与PA66的相容性很差，而EPDM—g—MAH与PA66相容性明显增加，EPDM-g—MAH粒子均匀分散在PA66中，共混体系力学性能有很大提高。随着EPDM—g—MAH用量的增加，PA66球晶尺寸变小，共混体系界面结合更加紧密。     

注塑参数对聚碳酸酯成型收缩率的影响研究

研究了注塑参数对聚碳酸酯(PC)成型收缩率的影响，从理论上探讨了注塑参数—制品结构—收缩率之间的关系。试验结果表明，对PC成型收缩率影响最大的注塑参数是料温，其次是模具温度、注塑压力和注射速率，而保压时间、冷却时间、预塑速率在实验范围内对PC成型收缩率影响较小。     

Fe3Al合金与Q235钢扩散焊界面的析出相

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子探针(EPMA)对Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面的析出相形貌进行观察和成分测定,研究微观析出相的形成以及工艺参数(T,t,p)的影响.结果表明,Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面靠近Fe3Al一侧形成FeAl(Cr)析出相,是引起扩散焊接头脆性断裂的关键.扩散焊温度T、保温时间t与析出相区宽度y符合抛物线规律y2=3.5(t-t0)exp[-5.6×104/(RT)].在降低加热温度和保温时间的条件下,增加焊接压力可促进Fe3Al/Q235界面原子的扩散,避免脆性析出相的形成,保证Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊接头的性能.     

热轧工艺对20%B4C/Al复合材料显微组织及缺陷的影响

采用热等静压烧结与热轧相结合的方法制备了20%B_4C/Al(质量分数,下同)复合材料,采用排水法及SEM、EDS等手段研究了热轧工艺(道次变形量、总变形量)对复合材料缺陷及显微组织的影响。研究结果表明,热等静压制备的B_4C/Al复合材料坯体密度可达2.66g/cm3(相对密度100%),B_4C颗粒分布均匀且与Al界面处结合紧密;B_4C/Al复合材料轧制道次变形量应控制在10%以内,进一步增加道次变形量复合材料内出现宏观裂纹。复合材料经热轧后,B_4C颗粒仍分布较为均匀,且与Al基体结合紧密,复合材料内部未观察到明显的显微缺陷。     

选区激光熔化工艺参数对Ti-6Al-4V成形质量的影响

选区激光熔化是一种利用高能束选择性熔化金属粉末进而直接制造复杂几何形状产品的增材制造技术。采用选区激光熔化成形Ti-6Al-4V样品,分析影响选区激光熔化成形质量的主要因素,采用体式显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度计系统研究了不同工艺参数对Ti-6Al-4V合金选区激光熔化成形样品的表面形貌、致密度、组织、显微硬度的影响规律。研究得出Ti-6Al-4V合金选区激光熔化成形的优选工艺参数为:扫描功率450W,扫描速度2 500mm/s,扫描间距0.07mm,该工艺参数下打印出的样品具有较为优良的成形质量,致密度高达97.8%,显微硬度平均值为446HV。     

内燃机钢制活塞焊接的研究现状

文中分析了内燃机活塞选用钢作原材料、焊接作为连接方法的优点,并概括叙述了摩擦焊、激光-电弧复合焊、真空钎焊在钢制活塞焊接中的探索及应用。焊接式钢制活塞在结构钢度、热效率、经济环保等方面有所提高,且造成的噪声污染较小,从而具有更广阔的发展前景。文中通过分析在3种不同焊接方法下活塞的结构、接头强度、微观组织,总结得出摩擦焊最大问题在于飞边和尺寸,激光复合焊在机械化生产上存在生产成本的问题,而真空钎焊接头在强度及生产效率方面仍需进一步的改善。     

锆合金激光熔覆镍基复合层微观组织及界面特征

以Ni35自熔性合金粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆技术在锆合金表面原位生成了NiZr₂/陶瓷增强镍基涂层.利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等对熔覆界面附近的微观组织、物相组成及界面结合特征进行分析.结果表明,熔覆层基体组织为NiZr+Ni₁₀Zr₇,增强相NiZr₂以细针状均匀分布在熔覆层上部和底部,块状及棒状的陶瓷相Zr₅（Si_xNi_1-x）₄/Zr（Si_xNi_1-x）分布在熔覆层中部,熔覆层与基体间实现良好的熔焊冶金结合,界面结合区组织不均匀,分布有等轴状NiZr及晶间的α-Zr,熔覆层的显微硬度分布均匀,平均值约为1 100 Hv.     

Effect of blending sequence on the morphology and properties of polyamide 6/EPDM‐g‐MA/epoxy blends

The ternary blends of polyamide 6/maleated ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber/epoxy (PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA/EP) were prepared by a twin‐screw extruder with four different blending sequences. With the variation of blending sequence, the ternary blends presented distinct morphology and mechanical properties because of different interactions induced by various reactive orders. The addition of epoxy could increase the viscosity of the PA6 matrix, but a considerably larger size of the dispersed rubber phase was observed while first preblending PA6 with epoxy followed by blending a premix of PA6/EP with EDPM‐g‐MA, which was attested by rheological behaviors and SEM observations. It was probably ascribed to the fact that the great increase of the interfacial tension between the matrix and rubber phase aroused a great coalescence of rubber particles. The presence of epoxy in the rubber phase reduced the rubber's ability to cavitate so that the toughening efficiency of the EPDM‐g‐MA was decreased. The results of mechanical testing revealed that the optimum blending sequence to achieve balanced mechanical properties is blending PA6, EPDM‐g‐MA, and epoxy simultaneously in which the detrimental reactions might be effectively suppressed. In addition, thermal properties were investigated by TG and DSC, and the results showed that there was no distinct difference. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Improving of interfacial microstructure of Ti/Al joint during GTA welding by adopting pulsed current

Butt welding of titanium alloy TA15 to aluminum alloy Al2024 dissimilar lightweight metals was conducted using gas tungsten arc welding. Pulsed current was adopted in the welding process. Influence of pulsed current on morphologies and microstructure of Ti-Al intermetallics near the Ti/Al interface was investigated. Microstructure characteristics and phase constitution of weld zone near the Ti/Al interface were analyzed. In top surface and upper region of the joint, Ti base metal was partially melted, and continuous intermetallic layers with Ti₃Al, TiAl, and TiAl₃ were formed in the fusion zone. In middle and bottom regions of the joint, Ti base metal was not melted and a thin TiAl₃ layer was formed near the Ti/Al-brazed interface. Most of the Ti-Al intermetallics formed into discrete TiAl₃ precipitations in the weld metal in upper and middle regions of the joint. No precipitation was observed in bottom region of the joint. Thickness of continuous Ti-Al intermetallic layers in the fusion zone was controlled at a low degree by adopting pulsed current in the welding. Crack sensitivity of weld zone near the Ti/Al interface was decreased.