Hierarchical Attention for Part-Aware Face Detection

International Journal of Computer Vision - Expressive representations for characterizing face appearances are essential for accurate face detection. Due to different poses, scales, illumination,...     

In situ Raman spectroscopic study towards the growth and excellent HER catalysis of Ni/Ni(OH)2 heterostructure

The electrochemical water splitting to produce H₂ in high efficiency with earth-abundant-metal catalysts remains a challenge. Here, we describe a simple “cyclic voltammetry + ageing” protocol at room temperature to activate Ni electrode (AC-Ni/NF) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), by which Ni/Ni(OH)₂ heterostructure is formed at the surface. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the gradual growth of Ni/Ni(OH)₂ heterostructure during the first 30 min of the aging treatment and combined with polarization measurements, it suggests a positive relation between the Ni/Ni(OH)₂ amount and HER performance of the electrode. The obtained AC-Ni/NF catalyst, with plentiful Ni–Ni(OH)₂ interfaces, exhibits remarkable performance towards HER, with the low overpotential of only 30 mV at a H₂-evolving current density of 10 mA/cm² and 153 mV at 100 mA/cm², as well as a small Tafel slope of 46.8 mV/dec in 1 M KOH electrolyte at ambient temperature. The excellent HER performance of the AC-Ni/NF could be maintained for at least 24 h without obvious decay. Ex situ experiments and in situ electrochemical-Raman spectroscopy along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Ni/Ni(OH)₂ heterostructure, although partially reduced, can still persist during HER catalysis and it is the Ni–Ni(OH)₂ interface reducing the energy barrier of H1 adsorption thus promoting the HER performance.     

Evolution of Local Structural Ordering and Chemical Distribution upon Delithiation of a Rock Salt–Structured Li1.3Ta0.3Mn0.4O2 Cathode

Lithium‐rich disordered rock‐salt oxides have attracted great interest owing to their promising performance as Li‐ion battery cathodes. While experimental and theoretical efforts are critical in advancing this class of materials, a fundamental understanding of key property changes upon Li extraction is largely missing. In the present study, single‐crystal synthesis of a new disordered rock‐salt cathode material, Li_1.3Ta_0.3Mn_0.4O₂ (LTMO), and its use as a model compound to investigate Li concentration–driven evolution of local cationic ordering, charge compensation, and chemical distribution are reported. Through the combined use of 2D and 3D X‐ray nanotomography, it is shown that Li removal accompanied by oxygen oxidation is correlated with the development of morphological defects such as particle cracking. Chemical heterogeneity, quantified by subparticle level distribution of Mn valence state, is minimal during Mn redox, which drastically increases upon the formation of cracks during oxygen redox. Density functional theory and bond valence sum mismatch calculations reveal the presence of local short‐range ordering in the pristine oxide, which gradually disappears along with the extraction of Li. The study suggests that with cycling the transformation into true cation–disordered state can be expected, which likely impacts the voltage profile and obtainable energy density of the oxide cathodes.     

Reliability investigation of 0.07-/spl mu/m InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMT MMICs with pseudomorphic In/sub 0.75/Ga/sub 0.25/As channel

The authors have investigated the reliability performance of G-band (183 GHz) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers fabricated using 0.07-/spl mu/m T-gate InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMTs with pseudomorphic In/sub 0.75/Ga/sub 0.25/As channel on 3-in wafers. Life test was performed at two temperatures (T/sub 1/ = 200 /spl deg/C and T/sub 2/ = 215 /spl deg/C), and the amplifiers were stressed at V/sub ds/ of 1 V and I/sub ds/ of 250 mA/mm in a N/sub 2/ ambient. The activation energy is as high as 1.7 eV, achieving a projected median-time-to-failure (MTTF) /spl ap/ 2 /spl times/ 10/sup 6/ h at a junction temperature of 125 /spl deg/C. MTTF was determined by 2-temperature constant current stress using /spl Delta/G/sub mp/ = -20% as the failure criteria. The difference of reliability performance between 0.07-/spl mu/m InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMT MMICs with pseudomorphic In/sub 0.75/Ga/sub 0.25/As channel and 0.1-/spl mu/m InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMT MMICs with In/sub 0.6/Ga/sub 0.4/As channel is also discussed. The achieved high-reliability result demonstrates a robust 0.07-/spl mu/m pseudomorphic InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMT MMICs production technology for G-band applications.     

On Convergence of a Stochastic Quasigradient Algorithm of Quantile Optimization

For the nonantagonistic two-person game which is equivalent to the problem of minimizing the quantile function, a modification of the stochastic quasigradient algorithm to seek the Nash point was proposed. The Nash point defines both the optimal strategy minimizing the quantile function and the minimum value of this function. Convergence of the algorithm with the probability 1 was proved. The question of choosing the starting point was discussed.     

Multidimensional augmented current equation including velocityovershoot

The augmented drift-diffusion current equation, which includes velocity overshoot effects through the space derivatives of the electric field, cannot be directly extended beyond one dimension. A new formalism is developed which considers the carrier heating and the distribution relaxation effects to obtain a multidimensional augmented drift diffusion current equation. The equivalent mobility containing the velocity overshoot correction is derived from the perturbation analysis on the carrier temperature using the energy balance equation. The issues related to the numerical implementation of this generalized model and the validity of the assumptions are also discussed     

陶瓷材料冲击性能研究进展

陶瓷材料由于其多种优良特性得到了越来越广泛的应用。有关陶瓷材料的冲击力学性能研究是最近几十年才开始的。本文从陶瓷材料的应变率效应、冲击下的高压行为、冲击损伤、层裂现象和失效波响应，以及相关的理论研究和数值分析等方面，介绍了国内外对陶瓷材料冲击性能研究的现状，并对进一步的工作提出了建议和展望。     

利用预曝光技术制备复合结构光纤光栅传感器

报道利用预曝光技术制备的复合结构光纤光栅传感器。提出利用预曝光技术使某一小段光纤的折射率变大,而后在预曝光部分和未曝光部分的交接处一次性写入光栅,即可得到具有两个透射峰的透射谱。实验研究了该复合结构光纤光栅在温度和应力传感上的应用。实验结果表明,利用该复合结构光纤光栅可以实现温度与应变的同时测量。     

三维定量储层地质模型与参数动态预测方法

提出了三维定量储层地质模型及其参数动态预测方法，用该方法可预测储层开采状态，水淹区及剩余油区分布和各剩余油区的可采储量，三维定量储层地质模型的预测图件可为合理开采提供依据。