Hydrogen Permeability of Proton-Irradiated Reactor Steels with Oxide Films

The influence of oxidation and proton irradiation on the hydrogen permeability of 12Kh18N10T, ÉP-838, and 10Kh9VFA reactor steels is investigated. The critical temperatures of thermal desorption of implanted hydrogen are determined. It is shown that, unlike hydrogen penetration, the proton irradiation of oxidized specimens increases their thermal stability.     

Hydrogen Permeability of ÉP-838 and Kh12G20V Reactor Steels after Alloying and Thermal Treatment

We investigate the influence of alloying with rare-earth elements and metals of groups IV–VI on the hydrogen permeability, diffusion coefficient, and hydrogen solubility in ÉP-838 and Kh12G20V steels proposed as materials for the first wall of a thermonuclear reactor operating on deuterium–tritium plasma. Based on the requirements of ecological safety (hydrogen permeability must be less than 2.4 · 10^–8 mole/(m · sec · Pa^1/2)), we show that the necessary level of hydrogen permeability of ÉP-838 steel can be reached in the case of alloying with cerium after an additional thermal treatment in hydrogen which initiates the formation of intermetallidic phases of the Fe₃Mn type. The value of the hydrogen permeability of Kh12G20V steel corresponds to the level of ecological safety. In this case, alloying with scandium, tungsten, and carbon not only decreases the value of the flow of a diffusing gas fivefold but improves the strength properties due to an increase in the volume fraction of carbide phases.     

Influence of High-Energy Milling in Hydrogen on the Structural-Phase State of Alloys Based on the Laves Phases

Materials Science - The influence of high-energy milling in a planetary mill in the atmosphere of hydrogen on the structure and phase composition of alloys based on the Laves phases is analyzed. We...     

Effect of modification of the surface on the hydrogen permeability of reactor steels and their welded joints

We study the characteristics of hydrogen permeability of 10Kh9VFA and 12Kh18N10T reactor steels in the intact state and in the presence of welds and analyze the influence of oxidation and irradiation with protons on these characteristics. It is shown that the proton irradiation increases the thermal stability and the degree of protection against the penetration of hydrogen into the oxidized specimens. To determine the contribution of the welds to the solubility of hydrogen, we apply, for the first time, a combined approach, namely, the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the weld is found according to the changes in the electric resistance in the process of hydrogenation and the hydrogen permeability of the welded joint is determined from the ratio of the areas of the base metal and the weld. It is shown that the oxide films with structures of chromium spinel formed on the surface of steels decrease their hydrogen permeability by 1.5–2 orders of magnitude.