单井注水吞吐在塔河油田的应用

在塔河油田开发生产过程中，个别油井在修井作业中出现先漏后喷的现象。在修井完成后，产量较前期有大幅增加。针对这类油井进行单井注水吞吐采油试验，研究发现钻遇定容封闭性油藏的油井适合单井注水吞吐开采。一方面利用油水重力分异，抬升油水界面，增加采出量；另一方面注水补充地层能量，恢复地层压力。该方法在塔河油田实际应用中，取得了较好的效果和较高的经济效益，也为提高定容封闭性油藏油井的采收率提供了一个较好的方法。     

低碳铝脱氧20钢钢水洁净度控制研究

为了研究120 t BOF-LF-RH-160 mm×160 mm坯CC工艺生产的铝脱氧20钢（/%:0.13～0.23C,0.17～0.37Si,0.35～0.65Mn,≤0.035P,≤0.035S,0.020～0.050Al）中非金属夹杂物的控制技术,对LF精炼过程中脱氧剂加入时机进行调整,并对精炼过程中非金属夹杂物类型与夹杂物数量进行分析。结果表明,转炉出钢后采用铝块脱氧,LF精炼进站非金属夹杂物主要为Al₂O₃,精炼结束前部分夹杂物由Al₂O₃转变为Al₂O₃·CaO,RH结束后非金属夹杂物密度3～4个/mm²,铸坯氧含量（7.48～8.18）×10^-6;而转炉出钢后采用硅锰进行脱氧,精炼结束前采用铝线,精炼过程中夹杂物主要为MnO·SiO₂,CaO含量小于5%,精炼结束非金属夹杂物控制为Al₂O₃,RH真空处理后,非金属夹杂物密度小于1.5个/mm²,铸坯氧含量（4.94～5.53）×10^-6。因此,针对采用“BOF-LFRH-CC”工艺流程生产的含铝钢,提出精炼结束前将非金属夹杂物控制为Al₂O₃,同时运用RH真空高效去除夹杂物,以提高钢水的洁净度。     

球团链箅机回转窑工艺中氯和硫元素迁移规律

摘要：对链箅机回转窑工艺中各段球团样品进行实验分析,研究了氯元素和硫元素在链箅机回转窑工艺中的迁移规律,明晰了烟气中HCl的生成机制。结果表明,球团原料中的氯元素主要是以NaCl的形式存在,氯元素有一部分在链箅机抽风干燥段会转变成HCl气体并进入烟气,一部分在链箅机预热Ⅱ段之后以NaCl的形式汽化进入烟气,剩余的氯元素仍以NaCl的形式存在于成品球团矿中。烟气中的HCl气体是在抽风干燥段,由富含SO2的烟气与含水球团料层中的NaCl发生反应生成的,烟气中SO2转变成Na2SO4重新固定于料层中。在预热Ⅰ段和预热Ⅱ段,烟气中的SO2与原料中碳酸钙分解生成的游离CaO反应生成CaSO4,也会重新固定烟气中的SO2。     

乙烯分离技术分析

从技术先进性、能耗、流程复杂性和运行稳定性等诸多方面对占据乙烯市场的三大分离技术进行了分析。并认为用户在选择分离技术时应综合考虑各方面因素，把握重点，选择出适合的技术。     

用弱酸树脂处理"负硬水"

用H+交换柱-脱气塔-Na+交换柱串联工艺处理"负硬水".H+柱采用浮动床,Na+柱采用固定床,树脂采用弱酸性交换树脂110.在满足硬度要求的同时,经处理后的水的碱度小于1.0 mmol/L,出水体积可高达H+柱树脂体积的260倍以上.实际运行结果表明,本工艺具有操作简便、出水稳定、水质良好等优点.     

煤矿陷落柱探测的井下综合物探方法研究

并行网络直流电法因可在工作面任意布设电极,可快速实现三维电阻率探测,地震反射共偏移法原理为反射波勘探原理,采用多次覆盖观测系统开展井下数据采集;为了探查华北某煤矿西六采区陷落柱发育特征及其赋水性,确保回风上山掘进安全,基于这两种物探方法在皮带巷和轨道巷布设了两条测线,经过井下数据采集、室内资料处理与分析,得到了电阻率反演剖面和地震反射剖面,结合地质资料,对陷落柱的电性特征及结构进行研究。结果表明:陷落柱岩层连续性差,岩体较破碎;陷落柱底界发育深度超过底板60 m;陷落柱探查范围内及周围赋水性较弱。     

Improved chemical stability and proton selectivity of semi-interpenetrating polymer network amphoteric membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application

In this work, semiinterpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN), consisting of sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) and crosslinked vinyl imidazole grafted polysulfone (VMPSU), is prepared and characterized. FTIR, EDS, and solubility test indicate the successful preparation of amphoteric membranes. The semi-IPN amphoteric membranes exhibit better stability than pure SPAES membrane, as demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis and ex situ immersion testing results. More importantly, it is shown that the amphoteric membrane can effectively hinder vanadium ion crossover through the membrane, which is attributed to the semi-IPN structure and Donnan exclusion. As expected, the amphoteric membrane containing 20% VMPSU exhibits the highest proton selectivity (6.86 × 10⁴ S min cm⁻³), comparing to pristine SPAES (1.90 × 10⁴ S min cm⁻³) as well as Nafion117 (1.31 × 10⁴ S min cm⁻³).     

基于RFID技术的堆场信息采集系统设计

为了解决当前集装箱堆场信息采集水平不足和工作效率低下的问题,设计了一个基于超高频无源RFID技术的堆场信息采集系统,介绍了系统的构成和各部分的作用,给出了系统中一种符合ISO 18000-6B和ISO 18000-6C标准协议的读写器的硬件和软件的设计方法,并描述了上位机软件的设计方法;该系统成功实现了对进出堆场的车辆的实时监控和集装箱信息的实时采集与处理,投入使用后明显简化了操作流程,加快了集装箱的流通速度;测试和应用结果表明该系统满足了实际的应用要求。     

Tough Transient Ionic Junctions Printed with Ionic Microgels

Emerging soft ionotronics better match the human body mechanically and electrically compared to conventional rigid electronics. They hold great potential for human-machine interfaces, wearable and implantable devices, and soft machines. Among various ionotronic devices, ionic junctions play critical roles in rectifying currents as electrical p–n junctions. Existing ionic junctions, however, are limited in electrical and mechanical performance, and are difficult to fabricate and degrade. Herein, the design, fabrication, and characterization of tough transient ionic junctions fabricated via 3D ionic microgel printing is reported. The 3D printing method demonstrates excellent printability and allows one to fabricate ionic junctions of various configurations with high fidelity. By combining ionic microgels, degradable networks, and highly charged biopolymers, the ionic junctions feature high stretchability (stretch limit 27), high fracture energy (>1000 Jm⁻²), excellent electrical performance (current rectification ratio >100), and transient stability (degrade in 1 week). A variety of ionotronic devices, including ionic diodes, ionic bipolar junction transistors, ionic full-wave rectifiers, and ionic touchpads are further demonstrated. This study merges ionotronics, 3D printing, and degradable hydrogels, and will motivate the future development of high-performance transient ionotronics.     

Study on the Multi-wavelength Emissivity of GCr15 Steel and its Application on Temperature Measurement for Continuous Casting Billets

A method for measuring the multi-wavelength emissivity of a steel surface is proposed, and an applicable experimental apparatus is designed. Multi-wavelength radiant energy emitted from a sample was measured using a fiber-optic spectrometer and its temperature measured using a NiCrSi/NiSiMg thermocouple. Utilizing the unique vacuum control and background noise-shielding systems, we investigated the multi-wavelength emissivity of GCr15 steel at three different degrees of surface oxidation at temperatures ranging from 1000 \(^{\circ }\)C to \(1100\,^{\circ }\)C. The experimental results show that the multi-wavelength (0.7 \(\upmu \)m–0.9 \(\upmu \)m) emissivity increased substantially, from 0.409–0.565 to 0.609–0.702, once the steel was oxidized. In addition, the emissivity increased slightly with increasing temperature, but the trends for emissivity and wavelength were similar. To measure the surface temperature of casting billets based on multi-wavelength thermometry, the functional relationships between emissivity and wavelength at different extents of oxidation were determined. Temperature measurements based on our technique were compared with those from common colorimetric thermometry. Our approach reduced the temperature fluctuation from \(\pm 23\,^{\circ }\)C to \(\pm 3.5\,^{\circ }\)C, indicating that a reliable measurement of the multi-wavelength emissivity of GCr15 steel is obtained using this experimental apparatus.