MHD simulation of high-current subsonic vacuum arc under different distributed axial magnetic fields

Based on two-temperature magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) model, the influence of saddle-shaped distributed axial magnetic field (AMF, linearly increases along radial position) and bell-shaped distributed AMF (linearly decreases along radial position) on plasma loss and heat flux density to anode in subsonic high-current vacuum arc (HCVA) is simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation results, the saddle-shaped AMF can more effectively inhibit plasma loss from arc column than that of bell-shaped AMF. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental results further verify the correctness of model and simulation.     

雾化纳米TiO2制备自清洁棉织物及其性能

以低分子量聚丙烯酸对棉织物表面进行化学改性,采用"雾化处理"法将纳米TiO2溶液雾化到棉织物表面,通过纳米TiO2表面的羟基、聚丙烯酸的羧基、纤维素的端羟基之间发生酯化反应实现接枝聚合,制备出自清洁棉织物,并对其进行自清洁测试和色度分析.结果表明,自清洁单体纳米TiO2已成功接枝聚合在棉织物表面,纳米TiO2颗粒分布均匀,在棉织物表面牢固性较好,改性后的棉织物对辣椒油、咖啡等常见生活污渍具有优良的自清洁效果."雾化处理"法解决了传统改性方法工艺复杂、操作步骤繁多,对棉织物固有优良性能破坏性较大等问题.此外,"雾化处理"法对人体安全性高,符合生态纺织的开发要求.     

一种发动机气缸体气孔缺陷分析及改进

以一种发动机气缸体气孔缺陷问题为例,通过合理优化浇注系统,更改局部结构,提高排气能力等方面提出解决思路,最终将气缸体的气孔缺陷率降至较低水平。     

Uniform ordered mesoporous ZnCo2O4 nanospheres for super-sensitive enzyme-free H2O2 biosensing and glucose biofuel cell applications

Uniform,ordered mesoporous ZnCo2O4 (meso-ZnCo2O4) nanospheres were successfully synthesized using a sacrificing template method.The meso-ZnCo2O4 nanospheres were used for the first time for H2O2 biosensing and in glucose biofuel cells (GBFCs) as an enzyme mimic.The meso-ZnCo2O4 nanospheres not only exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the H2O2 sensor,achieving a high sensitivity (658.92 μA·mM-1·cm-2) and low detection limit (0.3 nM at signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) =3),but also performed as an excellent cathode material in GBFCs,resulting in an open circuit voltage of 0.83 V,maximum power density of 0.32 mW·cm-2,and limiting current density of 1.32 mA·cm-2.The preeminent catalytic abilities to H2O2 and glucose may be associated with the large specific surface area of the mesoporous structure in addition to the intrinsic catalytic activity of ZnCo2O4.These significant findings provide a successful basis for developing methods for the supersensitive detection of H2O2 and enriching catalytic materials for biofuel cells.     

高弹性MXene/TPU纳米纤维纱线的制备及其应变传感性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)纳米纤维膜,并通过“Biscrolling”的方法制备高弹性过渡金属碳化物/氮化物（Ti3C2Tx MXene）改性TPU纳米纤维纱线。通过SEM、电阻测试、传感性能测试等对复合纳米纤维纱线进行结构和性能表征。结果显示,随着MXene负载量增加,复合纱线的强度先增加后降低,断裂伸长率可高达459%以上,展现出优异的弹性和弹性回复性;MXene片可在纳米纤维纱线表面及内部形成连续导电薄膜,赋予复合纱线较好的导电性（电阻76 Ω/cm）。纱线的应变传感性能测定实验表明,MXene/TPU纳米纤维纱线的传感系数可高达477.86,线性度高达0.995,高于绝大多数文献报道的纱线传感器,并且可以监测人体的各种运动状态,展现出较好的应变传感性能,在智能可穿戴领域展现出广泛的应用前景。     

磷改性酚醛树脂的制备与性能

通过DOPO(9,10–二氢–9–氧杂–10–磷杂菲–10–氧化物)和多聚甲醛反应制备了含磷单体ODOPM(9,10–二氢–9–氧杂–10–磷杂菲–10–羟甲基–10–氧化物),并用于制备磷改性酚醛树脂。通过差示扫描量热(DSC)仪测试体系DOPO的反应程度,通过红外光谱表征ODOPM的结构,通过热重分析测试改性酚醛树脂体系的热行为,通过极限氧指数和垂直燃烧法测试树脂体系的阻燃性能,通过扫描电子显微镜观察树脂燃烧后残炭的微观形貌,并采用万能试验机测试树脂样条的强度性能。实验结果表明:实验成果制备得到目标产品ODOPM,随着含磷单体ODOPM含量的提高,酚醛树脂的阻燃性能随着提高,酚醛树脂的残炭量也随着提高。酚醛树脂通过凝聚相阻燃机理起到阻燃作用。当磷改性酚醛树脂的ODOPM单体含量为15%时,树脂的LOI值可以达到32.4%,并通过V–0垂直燃烧测试,并且磷改性酚醛树脂保持较好的强度。     

Numerical Simulation of Low Current Vacuum Arc Supersonic Flow

Based on a two-dimensional axisymmetric magneto-hydrodynamic （MHD） model, low current vacuum arc （LCVA） characteristics are studied. The influence of cathode process under different axial magnetic fields and different anode radii on LCVA characteristics is also simulated. The results show that the influence of both cathode process and anode radii on LCVA is significant. The sign of anode sheath potentials can change from negative to positive with the decrease of anode radii. The simulation results are in part verified by experimental results. Especially, as the effect of ion kinetic energy is considered, ion temperature is improved significantly; which is in agreement with experimental results.     

渣油加氢工艺的特点及工业应用

针对我国即将加工大量进口含硫原油及日益增多的劣质重原油情况，结合渣油加氢技术特点，阐述了用渣油加氢工艺加工上述两类原油时的技术可行性及经济性。     

锂硫电池硫正极材料研究现状与展望

综述了锂硫电池硫正极材料的研究现状。针对锂硫电池目前存在的问题,展望了其发展趋势,并指出硫/有序多孔碳纳米复合材料对提升锂硫电池性能有重要研究价值;同时形成三维空间传导网络的导电添加剂和具有良好粘接性、导电性及电化学稳定性的粘结剂对锂硫电池性能提升也具有重要作用。     

聚丙烯非织造布的亲水整理与淋膜加工

采用Kissroll工艺对聚丙烯(PP)非织造布进行亲水整理,然后经淋膜加工制备了具有亲水/疏水双面异性功能的聚乙烯膜/聚丙烯(PE/PP)复合非织造布。研究了亲水整理对淋膜剥离强度的影响,对比了淋膜前后PP亲水性能的变化,同时分析了PE/PP复合非织造布的柔韧性能。结果表明,亲水整理改变了PP非织造布原有的表面特征,并构筑了"弱边界层",致使淋膜剥离强度下降;相对于后整理的PP非织造布,PE/PP的芯吸高度分别下降了34.3%(纯水)、28.6%(生理盐水),吸水比重分别下降44.8%(纯水)、43.2%(生理盐水);淋膜同时降低了PP的柔软度,但复合非织造布的力学性能明显提升。