Crowding as an Agronomic Factor Determining the Development of Plants and the Productivity of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

ABSTRACT

Nine sowing densities of linseed were compared in a two-year experiment. Self-regulation of the density of a linseed stand resulted in a differentiated branching of the plants. The number of capsules on a linseed shoot, as well as seeds in the capsule, and the number of seeds from the shoot were highly varied from year to year, and there is even a stronger differentiation in the weight of 1000 seeds. Linear relationships were noted between the mass of seeds from the linseed plant and the number of capsules. The yield of linseed was affected by both factors. An increasing sowing rate reduced the seed yield from the shoot and the plant. At lower seeding rates, the lateral shoots contributed in the seeds yield of the plant to a higher degree compared to the main ones.     

secG and temperature modulate expression of azide-resistant and signal sequence suppressor phenotypes of Escherichia coli secA mutants

SecA is a dynamic protein that undergoes ATP-dependent membrane cycling to drive protein translocation across the Escherichia coli inner membrane. To understand more about this process, azide-resistant (azi) and signal sequence suppressor (prlD) alleles of secA were studied. We found that azide resistance is cold sensitive because of a direct effect on protein export, suggesting that SecA-membrane interaction is regulated by an endothermic step that is azide inhibitable. secG function is required for expression of azide-resistant and signal sequence suppressor activities of azi and prlD alleles, and in turn, these alleles suppress cold-sensitive and export-defective phenotypes of a secG null mutant. These remarkable genetic observations support biochemical data indicating that SecG promotes SecA membrane cycling and that this process is dependent on an endothermic change in SecA conformation.     

Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant additives formulated to protect ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer against fire: Hydrated or carbonated calcium?

In this study, the effect of the chemical nature of different calcium (Ca)-based minerals as flame retardant additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), in 1:1 proportions, on the flame retardancy behavior and performance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was discussed. Combining APP with partly and completely hydrated calcium oxide led to superior flame-retardant function detected in mass loss calorimeter measurements with respect to the corresponding system containing carbonated calcium. This privileged character was attributed to the higher reactivity of hydrated Ca-based fillers toward APP in comparison with Ca carbonate, which induced the formation of an intumescent residue. The difference between reactivity potential of hydrated and dry Ca was demonstrated by the newly formed thermally stable species, and further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis performed on APP/fillers blends. Moreover, the presence of more crystalline domains in the Ca/phosphorus-based compounds was evidenced by XRD analysis of the mass loss calorimeter test residues. The results of this work highlight the role of blend additive systems on the performance of flame retardancy of polymer materials.     

Verlauf der Hydrierung pflanzlicher Öle - Makrokinetische Einflüsse

Course of Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oils-Macrokinetic Influence. Hydrogenation of vegetable oils is a complicated process whose course is not only influenced by the nature and properties of the catalyst and of the oil, which is to be hardened, of the temperature and pressure, but also by physical-chemical processes as adsorption, desorption and diffusion. During exploration of microkinetic phenomena, especially the way of formation of hydrogen dispersion in the reaction mixture and its influence on the curse of hydrogenation were investigated. Tne velocity and the character of hydrogenation were investigated. The velocity and the character of hydrogenation are significantly influenced by material transfer whose data are essentially changed by the shape of the stirrer, the rotation velocity and the way of the hydrogen supply. By increase of the efficiency of the flushing of Ni-catalyst particles with hydrogen the reaction velocity increases nearly in one scale of magnitude. Simultaneously the selectivity in dependence on the way of stirring of the reaction mixture and the hydrogen distribution was expressed.     

新型海藻糖酶抑制剂的合成及生物活性

本文合成了未见文献报道的七个化合物,其结构均得到核磁共振、红外光谱、质谱和元素分析的确证,并测试了其海藻糖酶抑制活性,生测结果表明此类化合物显示了一定的抑制作用。     

Energieinformatik

Due to the increasing importance of producing and consuming energy more sustainably, Energy Informatics (EI) has evolved into a thriving research area within the CS/IS community. The article attempts to characterize this young and highly dynamic field of research by describing current EI research topics and methods and provides an outlook of how the field might evolve in the future. It is shown that two general research questions have received the most attention so far and are likely to dominate the EI research agenda in the coming years: How to leverage information and communication technology (ICT) to (1) improve energy efficiency, and (2) to integrate decentralized renewable energy sources into the power grid. Selected EI streams are reviewed, highlighting how the respective research questions are broken down into specific research projects and how EI researchers have made contributions based on their individual academic background.     

Einfluß der Konfiguration der Fettsäuren auf die Eigenschaften von Seife

Effect of Fatty Acid Configuration on the Properties of Soap The effect of configuration of the hydrophobic chain of fatty acids C₁₀–C₁₈ on the properties of their alkali salts was studied. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on critical micelle concentration (CMC) and on alteration of surface tension at CMC, as well as the effect of chain length of the hydrophobic part on CMC were determined. At the same time, the effect of double and cis-trans configuration on CMC was studied. Also the foaming ability of the individual soaps and foam stability as well as the stability of the soaps were investigated.