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排序方式: 共有136条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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B. M. Ba ol C. E. Uzoh H. Talieh T. Wang G. Guo S. Erdemli M. Cornejo J. Bogart E. C. Basol 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2006,193(7):903-915
Electrochemical mechanical deposition (ECMD) is a novel technique that has the ability to deposit planar conductive films on non planar substrate surfaces. This technique involves electrochemical deposition (ECD) while simultaneously polishing the substrate surface. Preferential deposition of the conductor into the cavities on the substrate surface may be achieved through two different mechanisms. The first mechanism is more mechanical in nature and it involves material removal from the top surface. The second mechanism is more chemical in nature, and it involves enhancing the deposition into the cavities where mechanical sweeping does not reach and reducing deposition onto surfaces that are swept. In this study we demonstrate that in an ECMD process, low-pressure mechanical sweeping of the wafer surface during copper plating can establish a differential in the activity of the organic accelerator species between the surface and the cavity regions of the substrate and thus give rise to bottom-up filling in even the lowest aspect-ratio cavities. Planar layers obtained by the ECMD technique have been successfully employed in an electrochemical polishing technique for stress-free removal of Cu. 相似文献
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A. Brahimi S. Alleg Z. Yamkane H. Lassri J. J. Suňol E. K. Hlil 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2017,30(11):3045-3054
The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the mechanically alloyed iron manganese phosphides (Fe1?x Mn x )2P with 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.75 (Mn/Fe ratio = 0.17, 0.33, 0.66, and 3) have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and BS1 and BS2 magnetometry. The powder form (Fe1?x Mn x )2P compounds exhibit multiphase structures that contain Fe(Mn)-type solid solution and Fe2P-type, Mn2P-type, Fe3P-type, and MnP/FeP-type phosphides. The magnetization versus temperature reveals the existence of multiple magnetic phase transitions. The saturation magnetization, coercivity, and squarness M r/M s ratio values are discussed as a function of both the Mn content and the temperature. From the approach to saturation magnetization studies, several fundamental magnetic parameters were extracted. The local magnetic anisotropy constant K 1 was determined. 相似文献
5.
Mechanical alloying (MA) and rapid solidification (RS) are two important routes to obtain amorphous alloys. An Fe-Ni based metal-metalloid alloy (Fe50Ni30P14Si6) prepared by these two different processing routes was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis, inductive coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS). The results were compared with that obtained from other Fe-Ni based alloys of similar compositions. The structural analyses show that the materials obtained by mechanical alloying are not completely disordered after 40 h of milling whereas fully amorphous alloys were obtained by rapid solidification. TMS analyses show that, independent of the composition, after milling for 40 h, about 7% of the Fe remains unreacted. Furthermore, the thermal stability of mechanically alloyed samples is lower than that of the analogous material prepared by rapid solidification. In the MA alloys, a broad exothermic process associated to structural relaxation begins at low temperature. XRD patterns of crystallized alloys indicate that the crystallization products are bcc(Fe,Ni), fcc(Ni,Fe), and (Fe,Ni)-phosphides and -silicides. 相似文献
6.
A vacuum impregnation procedure for examining the microstructure of thermal spray coatings has been evaluated using a low-viscosity
fluorescent resin. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy for examining the microstructure allows three-dimensional
image reconstruction of the sample. Relationships between defects (i.e., porosity or micro/macrocracking) and coating properties
can be established more accurately with the proposed methodology because it enables quantitative analysis. 相似文献
7.
The impingement of bubbly jets in distilled water and ethanol has been experimentally studied on ground. An experimental apparatus
for the study of jet impingement on ground and in microgravity has been designed. The opposed-jet configuration with changeable
orientation is used in order to study which is the better disposition to achieve an efficient mixing process. The impact angle
between jets that can be changed from 0° (frontal collision) up to 90° (perpendicular collision). The impinging jets are introduced
into a test tank full of liquid by means of two bubble injectors. The bubble generation method, insensitive to gravity level
for low Bond numbers, is based on the creation of a slug flow inside a T-junction of capillary tubes of 0.7 mm of diameter.
Bubble velocities at the injector outlet and generation frequencies can be controlled by changing gas and liquid flow rates.
Individual bubble properties and coalescence events, as well as the whole jet structure are analyzed from the images recorded
by a high speed camera. Bubble velocities are compared with the velocity field of a single-phase jet. Rate of coalescence
between bubbles is found higher in ethanol than in water, creating a higher dispersion in bubble sizes. 相似文献
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Inhomogeneity of rolling texture in fcc metals 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The cold rolling of metal sheets and strips results in the formation of an inhomogeneous texture. The type and sharpness of
texture in layers and the degree of inhomogeneity depend on the friction between rolls and the material and the geometry of
the rolling gap. Contrary to the opinion of several authors, it is shown that the inhomogeneity of texture appears not only
in the case of small values of thel/h ratio (l/h characterizes the geometry of the rolling gap) but also in the case of large values whenl/h > 5. In the first case shear texture forms in the intermediate layers of the rolled sheet while in the second, in its outer
layers. The results of experiments carried out on aluminum, silver and 70/30 brass clearly show that the sensitivity of metals
and alloys to the formation of an inhomogeneous texture is caused by their flow characteristics: yield strength (Y) and the work hardening exponent (m). High values ofY andm will tend to hinder the shear deformation, and consequently they will hinder the occurrence of inhomogeneity. 相似文献
10.
Bülent M. Ba?ol Vijay K. Kapur Craig R. Leidholm Arvind Halani Kristen Gledhill 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1996,43(1):93
Thin film flexible CuInSe2 (CIS) solar cells have been fabricated for the first time on light-weight polymeric substrates. Evaporated Cu---In alloy precursors were selenized in H2Se atmosphere at around 400°C to grow the CIS absorber layers. Low temperature techniques which are compatible with the polymeric substrates were used to deposit the window layers of CdS and ZnO. The demonstrated active area conversion efficiency of 9.3% makes this light-weight device very attractive for many terrestrial and space power generation applications where high specific power and mechanical flexibility are needed. 相似文献