GC-MS分析中的样品制备与前处理技术

综述了气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析样品的几种前处理技术,并对样品制备与前处理技术在今后的发展做了展望。     

Distribution of rare earth elements in sewage-irrigated soil profiles in Tianjin, China

The concentrations of rare earth elements(REEs)in the soil extracts and soil solutions from two different alluvial soil profiles irrigated with sewage were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.The results showed that the REE concentrations in the soil extracts from soil samples affected by sewage irrigation were much higher than those in virgin soil samples.The REE concentrations in the soil extracts of the rhizophere soil were higher than those of the non-rhizophere soil.The shale-normalized REE patterns in the soil extracts from the upper soil layer affected by sewage irrigation shown middle REE(MREE)enrichment relative to light REE(LREE)and heavy REE(HREE).This result was attributed to the MREE-rich organic colloidal material,REE-HM(humic and fulvic acids)and phosphate-REE complexations.The REE patterns in the soil extracts from deep soil little-affected by sewage irrigation showed HREE enrichment relative to LREE,which might have been caused by the preferential complexation of HREE with carbonate.The normalized La/Yb ratios in the soil extracts increased with the decrease in depth.The sewage irrigation did not affect the total REE contents and REE pattern in the soil profiles.     

Inorganic Speciation of Rare Earth Elements in Chaohu Lake and Longganhu Lake, East China

Geochemical behaviors of the rare earth elements(REEs)in river and lake water bodies are dependentmainly on water chemistry and other factors,andhence their variationsin concentration and compositionreflect changes of various environmental variables.There…     

ICP-MS测定表生水体稀土过程中pH值对酸性膦萃取稀土效率的影响

针对目前最常用的液-液萃取、ICP-MS测定法检测表生水体中微量稀土元素方法,研究了不同pH值条件下,酸性膦(65%HDEHP和35%H2MEHP)自表生水体中萃取稀土元素(REEs)的回收率。结果表明,在pH1~4的范围内,不同性质的水体(湖泊、河流、地下水)有不同的REEs回收率。其中湖水在pH 1.8~3.7有90%以上的回收率,最高回收率为93.64%;河水在pH 2.1~3.5范围内有90%以上的回收率,最高回收率为95.52%;地下水仅在pH 1.3~1.5时回收率超过90%,最高回收率为97.61%。说明在萃取不同表生水体中稀土元素时,需要调到特定的pH值才能得到最好的萃取效果。     

Enrichment and Release of Rare Earth Elements during Weathering of Sedimentary Rocks in Wujiang Catchments, Southwest China

Thirteen weathering profiles of sedimentary rocks such as limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, sillicalite, black shale and purple sandrock from Wujiang catchments were selected for study on enrichment and release behavior of rare earth elements （REE） during weathering, and its impact on plant growth and riverine REE distribution in the catchments with methods of hierachical cluster analysis and mass balance calculation in order to set a basis for riverine material source research and agricultural production. The results show that the enrichment degree of REE in calcareous soils from the Wujiang catchments is much higher than that of limestone, yellow soil, upper continental crust （UCC）, China soil （CS） and world soil （WS）. The ability of enrichment and release of REE is partly controlled by distribution of REE in bedrocks, contents and adsorption ability of organic matters, clay minerals and Fe-oxides/hydroxides in weathering profiles. The REE released from weathering of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks can be absorbed and utilized by local plants. The results also reveal that release of REE and Fe mainly from weathering of carbonate rocks and partly from clastic rocks exerts an important control on riverine REE distribution.