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1.
We propose an analytical model to evaluate the lightpath blocking performance for a single ROADM node with intra-node add/drop contention,in which the number of lightpaths that can be added/dropped with the same wavelength is limited by the add/drop contention factor.Different models of traffic load per nodal degree are considered to validate the effectiveness of the analytical model.The simulation results show that the proposed analytical model is effective in predicting the performance for different values of add/drop contention factor C and for variable offered loads at the node.The add/drop contention factor shows an important impact on the lightpath blocking performance and properly raising the contention factor can significantly improve the lightpath blocking performance.When the add/drop contention factor C exceeds a certain level,the performance of a ROADM with intra-node contention is close to that of a contentionless ROADM. 相似文献
2.
In this work,the ionospheric variability is analyzed by applying the wavelet decomposition technique to the noontime fo F2,F10.7,interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)Bz,Ap,and lower thermospheric temperature at pressure of 10?4 h Pa in 2002.Results show that the variance of periodic oscillations in the ionosphere is largest in the 2–4-day period and declines with the increase of the period.The maximum variance of the periodic oscillations in solar irradiation is in the 16–32-day period.For geomagnetic activities,most of the variance is about equally distributed on intervals of periods shorter than 32 days.Variance distributions of IMF Bz and lower thermospheric temperature are similar to those of the ionosphere.They show the maximum in the 2–4-day period and decline with the increase of the period.By analyzing the distributions of the variances,the potential connections between the ionosphere and the external sources are discussed. 相似文献
3.
With increasing consumption of natural gas (NG), small NG reservoirs, such as coalbed methane and oil field associated gas, have recently drawn significant attention. Owing to their special characteristics (e.g., scattered distribution and small output), small-scale NG liquefiers are highly required. Similarly, the mixed refrigerant cycle (MRC) is suitable for small-scale liquefaction systems due to its moderate complexity and power consumption. In consideration of the above, this paper reviews the development of mobile miniature NG liquefiers in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), China. To effectively liquefy the scattered NG and overcome the drawbacks of existing technologies, three main improvements, i.e., low-pressure MRC process driven by oil-lubricated screw compressor, compact cold box with the new designed heat exchangers, and standardized equipment manufacturing and integrated process technology have been made. The development pattern of “rapid cluster application and flexible liquefaction center” has been eventually proposed. The small-scale NG liquefier developed by TIPC has reached a minimum liquefaction power consumption of about 0.35 kW·h/Nm3. It is suitable to exploit small remote gas reserves which can also be used in boil-off gas reliquefaction and distributed peak-shaving of pipe networks. 相似文献
4.
5.
AN EXTENDED MODELING OF TIDE-WAVE MOTION 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Zhang Qing hua Xu Hao Qu Yuan yuan First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Marine Science Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》2001,(3)
1 . INTRODUCTIONTostudythemotionofthetide waves,theshallowwaterequations ,i.e .theverticalintergra tionofthecontinuityequationandmomentumequa tion ,isconsideredasthegoverningequations.Byaboveequationstwoequationsrelatedtothehorizon talfluxofthetide currentsa… 相似文献
6.
Rui Zhang Hao Pang Yuan He Dianlei Han Lige Wen Lei Jiang Jianqiao Li 《哈尔滨工业大学学报(英文版)》2021,28(4):16-24
节能减振步行机构的仿生设计及仿真分析
张锐1,庞浩1,何远1,2,韩佃雷1,文立阁3,江磊4,李建桥1
(1. 吉林大学 工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春 130022;
2. 长春长光睿视光电技术有限责任公司,长春 130102;
3. 吉林大学 机械与航天工程学院,长春 130022;
4. 中国北方车辆研究所,北京 100072)
摘要:非洲鸵鸟能以60 km/h的速度持续奔跑30分钟,其后肢结构具有优良的节能、减振性能。为实现腿式机器人高效节能、缓冲减振的腿部机构的设计,根据鸵鸟跗骨间关节的被动回弹特性以及腿部的输出刚度可变特性,结合鸵鸟后肢结构的比例和尺寸,设计出了仿生刚-柔复合腿式机器人单腿结构。并且利用ADAMS软件模拟了仿生机械腿的运动。通过运动仿真分析,研究了内弹簧刚度系数在一定范围内的变化对机身质心垂直加速度以及电机功耗的影响,获得最佳的内弹簧刚度系数为200 N/mm,并进一步验证了内外弹簧机制能够有效地降低机械腿的能耗。仿真结果表明,采用内外弹簧机制能够有效降低电机约72.49%能耗。
关键词:工程仿生;仿生机械腿;被动回弹特性;刚-柔复合结构;节能减振
相似文献7.
Faraz Montazersadgh Hao Zhang Anas Alkayal Benjamin Buckley Ben W.Kolosz Bing Xu Jin Xuan 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(1):208-219
Utilizing CO2 in an electro-chemical process and synthesizing value-added chemicals are amongst the few viable and scalable pathways in carbon capture and utilization technologies.CO2 electro-reduction is also counted as one of the main options entailing less fossil fuel consumption and as a future electrical energy storage strategy.The current study aims at developing a new electrochemical platform to produce low-carbon e-biofuel through multifunctional electrosynthesis and integrated co-valorisation of biomass feedstocks with captured CO2.In this approach,CO2 is reduced at the cathode to produce drop-in fuels(e.g.,methanol)while value-added chemicals(e.g.,selective oxidation of alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids and amines/amides)are produced at the anode.In this work,a numerical model of a continuous-flow design considering various anodic and cathodic reactions was built to determine the most techno-economically feasible configurations from the aspects of energy efficiency,environment impact and economical values.The reactor design was then optimized via parametric analysis. 相似文献
8.
Ling Tan Kipkorir Peter Jing Ren Baoyang Du Xiaojie Hao Yufei Zhao Yu-Fei Song 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(1):99-108
The rational design of photocatalyst that can effectively reduce CO2 under visible light(l>400 nm),and simultaneously precise control of the products syngas(CO/H2)ratio is highly desirable for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.In this work,we synthesized a series of CeO2-decorated layered double hydroxides(LDHs,Ce-x)samples for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.It was found that the selectivity and productivity of CO and H2 from photoreduction of CO2 in conjunction with Ru-complex as photosensitizer performed an obvious“volcano-like”trend,with the highest point at Ce-0.15 and the CO/H2 ratio can be widely tunable from 1/7.7 to 1/1.3.Furthermore,compared with LDH,Ce-0.15 also drove photocatalytic CO2 to syngas under 600 nm irradiation.It implied that an optimum amount of CeO2 modifying LDH promoted the photoreduction of CO2 to syngas.This report gives the way to fully utilize the rare earth elements and provides a promising route to enhance the photo-response ability and charge injection efficiency of LDH-based photocatalysts in the synthesis of syngas with a tunable ratio under visible light irradiation. 相似文献
9.
Zhihong Xu Tao Jiang Hao Zhang Yujun Zhao Xinbin Ma Shengping Wang 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(3):698
Novel MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets were prepared by gel-casting and wet impregnation. The effect of Na+ and MgO on the structure and CO2 adsorption performance of CaO sorbent pellets was elucidated. MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets with the diameter range of 0.5-1.5 mm exhibited an excellent capacity for CO2 adsorption and adsorption rate due to the homogeneous dispersion of MgO in the sorbent pellets and its effects on the physical structure of sorbents. The results show that MgO can effectively inhibit the sintering of CaO and retain the adsorption capacity of sorbents during multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. The presence of mesopores and macropores resulted in appreciable change of volume from CaO (16.7 cm3∙mol−1) to CaCO3 (36.9 cm3∙mol−1) over repeated operation cycles. Ca2Mg1 sorbent pellets exhibited favorable CO2 capture capacity (9.49 mmol∙g−1), average adsorption rate (0.32 mmol∙g−1∙min−1) and conversion rate of CaO (74.83%) after 30 cycles. 相似文献
10.
Wenlu Song Rui Huang Hao Guo Chunguang Yin Chuanling Wang Jun Cheng Weijuan Yang 《中国化学工程学报》2021,37(9):114-120
Steam pretreatment was employed to disrupt microalgal cells for lipids extraction.Effects of steam pre-treatment on microstructure of microalgal cells were investigated through scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Effect of treatment on lipid extraction was also stud-ied.Microalgal cell walls were distorted after steam pretreatment due to the hydrolysis of organic macro-molecules contained in cell wall.Maximum curvature was increased from 1.88 × 10-6 m-1 to 1.43 × 10-7 m-1 after treatment with the steam at 130 ℃.The fractal dimension of microalgal cells increased from 1.25 to 1.30 after pretreatment for 15 min,and further increased to 1.47 when the pre-treatment time was increased to 60 min.Increased steam pretreatment temperature and time enhanced the hydrolysis of organic macromolecules,and finally destroyed microalgal cell walls at pretreatment temperature of 130 ℃ and pretreatment time of 60 min.Lipid extracted from wet microalgal was signif-icantly increased (2.1-fold) after pretreatment. 相似文献