烧结通用配料计算软件系统的开发

本文介绍了烧结通用配料计算软件系统的总体结构，软件的功能及其设计特点，该软件已在多个烧结经验中得到成功应用。     

烧结烟气中含钾化合物对钒钨钛催化剂脱硝/二噁英性能的影响

采用钒钨钛催化剂可有效减排烧结烟气中NO和二噁英,而烟气中含有的钾盐会造成催化剂活性降低。在实验室采用湿式浸渍法对新鲜钒钨钛催化剂进行强制失活,研究了三种钾盐（K₂SO₄、K₂O和KCl）负载于催化剂表面对其脱硝和脱二噁英活性的影响,并采用水洗和酸洗手段考察了失活催化剂的再生性能。结果表明,不同形态钾盐会造成催化剂的脱硝和脱二噁英活性降低,催化剂对两种污染物的活性降低顺序遵循相同的规律,即KCl> K₂O> K₂SO₄。催化剂的失活机理主要包括物理失活和化学失活。物理失活主要是指钾盐在催化剂表面沉积并堵塞其孔道;化学失活主要是指钾盐与催化剂表面的活性组分产生相互作用,钝化表面活性位点,降低表面酸性,减弱氧化和还原性能,进而降低催化剂的脱硝和脱二噁英活性。再生实验结果表明,水洗可以一定程度上恢复催化剂的脱硝活性,酸洗会导致催化剂表面活性物质流失,但水洗和酸洗均无法有效恢复催化剂的脱二噁英活性。最后,提出了不同形态钾盐对钒钨钛催化剂的中毒机理。      

烟气循环烧结热风罩内气流数值模拟及优化

烟气循环技术是基于部分热废气被再次引入烧结过程的原理而开发的一种新型烧结模式,对提高烧结余热利用率、降低污染物排放和烧结能耗具有显著效果。但循环烟气在烟气罩内流动状态、烟气罩漏风状况等对烟气循环的效果及稳定性至关重要。为此,对某钢厂循环烟气罩内烟气流动状态及漏风状况进行模拟,结果表明:现有烟气罩人孔打开时虽然在一定程度上削弱了烟气进入形成漩涡的强度,但并未改善烟气旋转流动,导致料面上烟气流速不均;通过优化烟气罩内导流板结构和数量,削弱了烟气罩内烟气旋转流动,明显改善了循环烟气的流动,使烟气分布更均匀;同时烟气罩漏风状况大大改善,优化后使A侧漏风口由漏风1.2 m3?s?1变为吸风2.4 m3?s?1,有利于烧结生产的顺行。      

Desilication from illite by thermochemical activation

Illite occurs widely in bauxite ores and results in low alumina grade of the ores. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) show the OH groups split off from the structural framework of illite between 500 ℃ and 700 ℃. With the increase in temperature up to about 1 100 ℃, the layer structure of illite breaks up and Si in the layers is transformed into the amorphous state. Meanwhile, mullite comes out at 1 100 ℃. Quartz occurring in illite keeps unchanged in structure in the range of 500 -1 200 ℃. A desilication process from illite by thermochemical activation followed by alkali leaching is therefore developed on the basis of the behavior that amorphous silica is alkali soluble. The investigation finds that the optimum parameters for desilication are activation temperature of 1 100 - 1 150 ℃, activation time of 90 - 120 min, leaching temperature of 95 - 110 ℃, leaching time of 90 - 120 min and concentration of caustic soda (Na2Ok) 120 - 150 g/L. An overall desilication about 45% is attained under these conditions. XRD analysis confirms that the active amorphous SiO2 has been dissolved in the alkali solution and removed from the samples, while quartz and mullite have not. The investigation also shows that the formation of mullite during activation and formation of sodium hydroalu minosilicates (Na96 Al96 Si96 O384 and 0.95Na2 O · Al2 O3 · 3.25SiO2 · 4.79 H2 O) during leaching lead to the relatively low desilication of illite.     

焦粉粒度对烧结混合料制粒的影响

摘要：研究了焦粉粒度对烧结混合料制粒的影响,包括焦粉在制粒小球中的分布规律与混合料制粒效果。结果表明：粒度小于0.5mm焦粉主要起黏附粉作用,较为均匀地黏附到各粒级制粒小球中;粒度在0.5~1mm的焦粉作为核颗粒,分布在0.5~1mm、1~3mm制粒小球中的占比总和为81.3%,部分以共核形式存在于3~5mm及以上粒级的制粒小球中;粒度在1~3mm及以上粒级焦粉作为核颗粒分布于相同粒级与大一粒级的制粒小球中;粒度在1~3mm及以上粒级焦粉对烧结混合料制粒无明显影响,粒度小于1mm的焦粉会提高制粒后混合料中小粒径制粒小球的含量,不利于混合料制粒,应尽可能减少焦粉中粒度在05~1mm的含量,将焦粉中粒度小于0.5mm的质量分数控制在20%~30%。     

铁精矿粒度对球团强度的影响

以大红山、曼南坎和滇滩等精矿的粒度以及膨润土用量和润磨时间为因子,以生球落下强度、生球爆裂温度、预热球抗压强度和焙烧球抗压强度为评价指标,进行了五因子二次回归组合实验研究。结果表明:随着铁精矿小于0.074mm粒级含量的增加,生球爆裂温度下降,预热球和焙烧球抗压强度提高;当铁精矿小于0.074mm粒级含量小于75%(质量分数)时,生球落下强度逐渐上升,当小于0.074mm粒级含量为75%时,生球落下强度达到最大值,之后有下降趋势。并不是铁精矿粒度越细球团强度就会越好,铁精矿粒度还应该满足一个合适的粒度组成。     

铁矿含碳球团还原后性能的实验研究

通过恒温还原实验,研究C,O摩尔比（C/O）、还原温度、还原时间和煤粉粒度4个因素对铁矿含碳球团还原后金属化率、孔隙率和抗压强度等性能的影响,观察球团断面的显微结构,分析球团还原过程和强度形成机理。结果表明：随还原温度的升高和还原时间的延长,球团的孔隙率降低,铁连晶的致密度增加,抗压强度提高;在C/O为0.67,还原温度1 200℃,还原时间35 min,煤粉粒度45μm以下质量分数为98.4%的实验条件下,含碳球团还原后的金属化率88.15%,孔隙率22.05%,抗压强度2 870 N。     

高岭石脱水反应的非等温热重法研究

在系统分析非等温固相反应特点的基础上,建立了非等温脱水反应速率方程.采用非等温热重法、通过计算机辅助计算,对高岭石脱水反应动力学规律进行了研究.结果表明:由于高岭石晶体结构中内、外羟基脱除的顺序不同,其脱水反应机制在反应分数(α)为0.7左右时发生改变.在反应前期(0＜α＜0.7)时,脱水反应遵循二维扩散控制规律,脱水反应表观活化能为159.682 kJ/mol、表观频率因子为1.007×10 10/min.     

基于自组织神经网络的烧结终点自适应预报系统的开发

烧结终点的在线检测和提前预报对于稳定终点,进而提高烧结矿强度和产量、降低能耗有重要意义。文章介绍了烧结终点的软测量方法;提出了一个新的预报参数——风箱废气温度曲线拐点;将多层前向人工神经网络应用于烧结终点的预报,对BP算法做了较大改进,使学习算法可以自组织神经网络的结构。应用这些技术开发的烧结终点自适应预报系统能够快速、准确地判断和预报烧结终点的状态,可用于在线操作指导或作为自动控制的依据。     

Influence of dioxin reduction on chemical composition of sintering exhaust gas with adding urea

With the addition of urea as an inhibitor, four groups of reducing dioxin emission experiments in sintering pot were conducted. The results show that, adding 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5% (mass fraction) urea, the emission concentrations of dioxin are 0.287, 0.258 and 0.217 ng-TEQ/m³, respectively. The dioxin emission rates drop substantially compared to 0.777 ng-TEQ/m³ free of urea. With an increase of the urea content, the concentration of SO₂ emission reduces sharply. (NH₄)₂SO₄, formed by the reaction of SO₂ and NH₃, goes into the dust and part of NH3 is released before reaction with the emission of exhaust gas. The NO _x emission presents an increasing trend because the reaction of NH₃ and O₂ at high temperature produces NO _x . Based on the consideration of factors such as the effect of reducing dioxin emission, and the chemical composition of exhaust gas, 0.05% is the optimum adding content of urea.