Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

一种改进型锂离子电池SOC估算方法

为提高锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)的估算精度，首先建立锂离子电池的较精确的二阶 RC等效模型，根据模型建立 状态空间方程，其次介绍电池充放电时电压电流采集方法，根据采集的数据，运用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)，对锂离子电池的荷电状态进行估算。结果表明，该数据的采集方法具有很高的精度，用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法估算的结果与真实值较为接近，精确度可达4％，对噪声有很强的抑制作用。     

AV设备自动切换器

目前,彩电带有AV(音频、视频)输入端子已相当普遍,但许多普通彩电只带一组AV输入端子。可是现在AV器材种类越来越多,如录像机、VCD和DVD影碟机、广播卫星接收调谐器,都要通过电视机或监示器播放图像和伴音。对于外部只有一个AV输入端子的彩电来说,更换AV设备时,     

八百年梦想一朝实现——淮河入海水道工程建设纪实

10月21日,淮河入海水道竣工验收专家组专家认真地拿起手中之笔,在《竣工验收鉴定书》上郑重签字。验收结论表明:淮河入海水道工程设计科学合理,建设管理规范,质量合格,取得了显著的社会经济效益和生态环境效益。在党中央、国务院的关怀和省委、省政府的正确领导下,经过全省水利     

丝网气液分离器分离性能和压力损失分析

对丝网气液分离器的分离机理进行了详细分析,在此基础上给出了丝网气液分离器的分离效率和压降计算公式。与HG/T 21618-1998《丝网除沫器》中的公式相比,此公式可以用于任意组合的丝网结构,更具普适性,并且能定量分析各种分离机理对分离的贡献。对丝网式空气过滤器计算的结果表明,此公式具有很好的精度,可以用于工程设计。     

High Power Fiber Bundle Array Coupled LDA Module

1 Introduction High power laser diode arrays (LDA) have many advan- tages such as small volume, long working life, high slope efficiency and high optical density, so they have many applications in medical treatment, material pro- cessing, and for the pumping source of solid laser and etc. But unfortunately, the LDA can not be easy to use directly in these fields because of their poor beam quality and extremely asymmetric divergent beams (!x≈ 5°～10°and !y≈20°～35°, for example), so it …