The microsurgical treatment of large and giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery located parasphenoidally

Internal carotid aneurysms in the ophthalmic area presents a challenge in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. The study was undertaken to provide evidence for the application of intravascular aspiration during direct surgical interventions and to outline their variants used at the N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery. The study included 4 (3 females and 1 male) patients with large and giant internal carotid aneurysms of parasphenoidal site who were treated at the Institute. Clipping of the aneurysmal neck was made by employing intravascular blood aspiration from the aneurysm. The technique proved to be effective in proximal monitoring the carotid artery at surgery. It substantially reduced aneurysmal blood flow and wall tension, thus favouring aneurysmal dissection to make clipping.     

Effect of moditen-depot therapy on the duration and quality of remissions in schizophrenia patients

The authors studied the effectiveness of out-patient treatment by Moditen-Deppt of 128 schizophrenic patients. A comparison of the previous remissions appearing during usual pharmacotherapy and remissions seen during Moditen-Depot treatment depicted statistically significant differences, indicating a distinct prevention of exacerbations due to this preparation, an increase in the duration and improved quality of remissions. Such improved remissions were expressed in lesser severity, in a decrease of psychopathological disturbances, changes qualified as a "mollification of a defect" and an improvement of some socio-clinical indices.     

Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the structures of the rabbit brain limbic system

The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.41.1.3) is studied in homogenates and subcellular fractions of five limbic structures: regio superior, regio inferior of hippocampus, fascia dentata, septum and corpora mamillaria. The lowest activity of the enzyme is found in regio superior of hippocampus. 80% of the total enzyme activity of primary fractions is found in "crude" mitochondria. After centrifugation of the latter within the linear sucrose density gradient the distribution of the enzume activity is similar for different structures and the highest activity is found in the region of sucrose molarity from 1.44 up to 1.50 M which corresponds to the mitochondria distribution region. 50% of the total found activity is in the fraction enriched by mitochondria, 30% is in the fraction enriched by nerve endings with the high activity of glutamate decarboxylase. It was found for different fractions that 1 mM of ADF with 0.2 mM NAD-H+ produces about 10-fold increase in the enzyme activity. Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate inhibits the enzyme from inactivation. The results are discussed in connection with the possible role of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in regulation of the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in vivo.     

NMDA-receptor antagonists: new pharmacological agents to control the subjective and motivational effects of narcotics]

The effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate. (NMDA) receptor antagonists on the development of long-term adaptation to abused drugs (tolerance, sensitization, dependence) were studied, NMDA receptor antagonists were shown to suppress subjective (including an aversion-motivation component) signs of the opiate withdrawal syndrome and to diminish the secondary reinforcing effects of morphine, cocaine, and electrical brain stimulation rewards of the brain regions. The results obtained indicate the potential efficiency of this new class of pharmacological agents in the context of treatment and prevention of recurrent drug abuse.     

The effect of cholisorb on liver exocrine function

The effect of cholisorb and its salt (Na and K) forms on the external secretion of the liver was studied. The cholagogic effect of the H-form of cholisorb and its salt forms was demonstrated in dog experiments. The effect of the H-form proved to be stronger. This effect was associated with decreased absorption of bile acids and cholesterol in the intestine and disturbed hepato-intestinal biliary cycle as a result of which adaptation mechanisms directed at restoration of this cycle are apparently switched on.     

The current possibilities for plastic repair with axial skin flaps on the lower extremity

Based on results of complex topographo-anatomical investigations in 187 lower extremities and experiences with performing 220 operations of free and non-free plasty with axial skin flaps formed in the femur, shin and foot, the authors consider the lower extremity as a donor site and a recipient field for such operations. Eight donor zones are selected on the lower extremity and 39 different flaps can be formed within their limits, 27 of them being tested in the clinic. Comparative characteristics of all donor zones are given. The present-day possibilities of the substitution of different wound defects using the axial skin flaps from the femur, shin and foot are shown.