Linking marital conflict and children’s adjustment: The role of young children’s perceptions.

Young children’s (n = 96) perceptions and appraisals of their parents’ marital conflict were evaluated at age 5 and again at age 6. Concurrent reports of marital conflict by each parent and teachers’ reports of children’s classroom adjustment served as criteria against which to evaluate the validity of young children’s perceptions. Children’s perceptions of their parents’ marital relationship were significantly correlated with spouses’ reports at ages 5 and 6, as well as correlated with teacher reports of internalizing and externalizing problems. Consistent with the cognitive–contextual theory, children’s tendency to blame themselves for their parents’ conflict partially mediated the link between marital conflict and children’s internalizing symptoms. In contrast, children’s reports that they become involved in their parents’ conflict partially mediated the effect of marital conflict on externalizing problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diagnostic radiography and ultrasound in the perinatal intensive care unit

A range of possible solutions to common problems associated with radiographic examination of the newborn is presented. The various modes in which ultrasound is currently used as a diagnostic modality are reviewed together with recent innovations that have greatly increased the clinical utility of the technique.     

Catalyst deactivation by surface poisoning in a plug flow reactor

Abstract

A theoretical model of catalyst deactivation by a first order heterogeneous reaction is presented for a kinetically controlled configuration. The deactivation rate is shown to be a function of the first Damkohler similarity parameter and the ratio of initial adsorption site density to poison concentration in the feed stream.     

Calcified thrombus in the inferior vena cava in infants and children

Calcified thrombi in the prerenal (suprarenal) segment of the inferior vena have a characteristic radiographic appearance that permits accurate "plain film" diagnosis. Most have been fortuitously discovered in infants and young children. None of the affected individuals has had clinical evidence of venous obstruction. Vena caval obstruction is usually incomplete. Uncalcified clot caudal to the calcified thrombus caused complete obstruction of the inferior vena cava and renal veins in one of our patients, a healthy infant; since collateral flow was adequate surgery was not advised. We believe that aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures are unnecessary in the management of infants and children with calcified thrombi in the inferior vena cava.     

A model relating extinction of the opposed-flow diffusion flame to reaction kinetics

A theoretical analysis is developed for the extinction of a homogeneous counterflow diffusion flame due to limitations in the reaction kinetics. With increasing mass flux of reactants into the diffusion flame a maximum in the consumption rate of fuel and oxidizer in the reaction zone occurs. The analysis shows that experimental measurements of the extinction conditions (“apparent flame strengths”) can be used to evaluate quantitatively such kinetic parameters as the overall activation energy, the pre-exponential Arrhenius term, and the order of reaction. The theoretical model is applied to the propane-oxygen-nitrogen system, for which an activation energy of 21 ± 2 kcal/mole is calculated on the basis of experimental flame extinction data.     

Can Children Provide Coherent, Stable, and Valid Self-Reports on the Big Five Dimensions? A Longitudinal Study From Ages 5 to 7.

Research on early childhood personality has been scarce. Self-reports of Big Five personality traits were measured longitudinally with the Berkeley Puppet Interview when children were 5, 6, and 7 years of age. For comparative purposes, Big Five self-reports were collected in a sample of college students. The children's self-reports showed levels of consistency and differentiation that approached those of the college age sample. Children's personality self-reports demonstrated significant correlations across the 1- and 2-year longitudinal intervals. Substantial and increasing convergence was found between children's self-reports of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and conceptually relevant behavior ratings provided by mothers, fathers, and teachers. Children's self-reports of Neuroticism were unrelated to adults' reports but did predict sadness and anxious behavior observed in the laboratory. The results provide the beginnings of an account of how the Big Five dimensions begin to be salient and emerge as coherent, stable, and valid self-perceptions in childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)