Design and implementation of the Node Identity Internetworking Architecture

The Internet Protocol (IP) has been proven very flexible, being able to accommodate all kinds of link technologies and supporting a broad range of applications. The basic principles of the original Internet architecture include end-to-end addressing, global routeability and a single namespace of IP addresses that unintentionally serves both as locators and host identifiers. The commercial success and widespread use of the Internet have lead to new requirements, which include Internetworking over business boundaries, mobility and multi-homing in an untrusted environment. Our approach to satisfy these new requirements is to introduce a new Internetworking layer, the node identity layer. Such a layer runs on top of the different versions of IP, but could also run directly on top of other kinds of network technologies, such as MPLS and 2G/3G PDP contexts. This approach enables connectivity across different communication technologies, supports mobility, multi-homing, and security from ground up. This paper describes the Node Identity Architecture in detail and discusses the experiences from implementing and running a prototype.     

Field normalized citation rates, field normalized journal impact and Norwegian weights for allocation of university research funds

We compared three different bibliometric evaluation approaches: two citation-based approaches and one based on manual classification of publishing channels into quality levels. Publication data for two universities was used, and we worked with two levels of analysis: article and department. For the article level, we investigated the predictive power of field normalized citation rates and field normalized journal impact with respect to journal level. The results for the article level show that evaluation of journals based on citation impact correlate rather well with manual classification of journals into quality levels. However, the prediction from field normalized citation rates to journal level was only marginally better than random guessing. At the department level, we studied three different indicators in the context of research fund allocation within universities and the extent to which the three indicators produce different distributions of research funds. It turned out that the three distributions of relative indicator values were very similar, which in turn yields that the corresponding distributions of hypothetical research funds would be very similar.     

Uncertainty and the ranking of economics journals

Scientometrics - Journal rankings often show significant changes compared to previous rankings. This gives rise to the question of how well estimated the rank of a journal is. In this contribution,...     

Molecular-beam epitaxial growth of HgCdTe infrared focal-plane arrays on silicon substrates for midwave infrared applications

Molecular beam epitaxy has been employed to deposit HgCdTe infrared detector structures on Si(112) substrates with performance at 125K that is equivalent to detectors grown on conventional CdZnTe substrates. The detector structures are grown on Si via CdTe(112)B buffer layers, whose structural properties include x-ray rocking curve full width at half maximum of 63 arc-sec and near-surface etch pit density of 3–5 × 10⁵ cm⁻² for 9 μm thick CdTe films. HgCdTe p⁺-on-n device structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on both bulk CdZnTe and Si with 125K cutoff wavelengths ranging from 3.5 to 5 μm. External quantum efficiencies of 70%, limited only by reflection loss at the uncoated Si-vacuum interface, were achieved for detectors on Si. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of MBE-grown detectors on CdZnTe and Si were found to be equivalent, with reverse breakdown voltages well in excess of 700 mV. The temperature dependences of the I-V characteristics of MBE-grown diodes on CdZnTe and Si were found to be essentially identical and in agreement with a diffusion-limited current model for temperatures down to 110K. The performance of MBE-grown diodes on Si is also equivalent to that of typical liquid phase epitaxy-grown devices on CdZnTe with R₀A products in the 10⁶–10⁷ Θ-cm² range for 3.6 μm cutoff at 125K and R₀A products in the 10⁴–10⁵ Θ-cm² range for 4.7 μm cutoff at 125K.     

Outcome of pregnancy after clomiphene therapy

Of 159 pregnancies conceived after clomiphene therapy, 141 ended in childbirth, including seven sets of twins. There was a probable increase in the number of infants born with major malformations. These were exclusively to women who had not previously borne a normal infant. The incidence of malformed infants compares well with that published after gonadotropin therapy. The possibly higher incidence of malformations seen after drug-induced ovulation would therefore seem to be due to the underlying subfertility state and thus not a direct drug effect.     

Cerebral angiography with iohexol. A multicentre clinical trial

An open multicentre clinical trial with the new non-ionic contrast medium iohexol is reported. A total of 38 adult patients were included in the series. No serious side effects or complications occurred. The impression was that subjective reactions were less marked with iohexol than what is usually observed with conventional ionic contrast media.     

Evaluating Safety of Concrete Gravity Dam on Weak Rock: Scott Dam

Scott Dam is owned and operated by Pacific Gas & Electric Co. (PG&E) as part of the Potter Valley Project. Although it is an unimpressive concrete gravity dam [233 m (765 ft) long with maximum water surface 33.4 m (110 ft) above tailwater], the dam has unusually complex and weak foundation rocks; this condition caused design changes during construction, numerous subsequent special investigations, and several corrections and additions. A main stumbling block to clarification of the dam safety issue for Scott Dam has always been difficulty in characterizing the foundation material. This paper discusses an approach to this problem as well as how the safety of the dam was subsequently confirmed, following a comprehensive program of research, investigations, and analysis from 1991 to 1997.